發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-06 00:10

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于HMX與AP納米復(fù)合含能材料的制備及表征　出處：《西南科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： HMX/AP/EP AP/EP 納米復(fù)合材料 三維網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu) 優(yōu)異性能

【摘要】：納米復(fù)合含能材料具有優(yōu)異的性能,廣泛用于固體推進(jìn)劑及其他軍事領(lǐng)域,但目前多以惰性材料為基底,降低復(fù)合材料體系能量。本文以含能聚合物(Energetic Polymer, EP)為基底,利用其獨(dú)特的三維納米網(wǎng)孔結(jié)構(gòu),制備出HMX/AP/EP以及AP/EP納米復(fù)合含能材料,并對(duì)其結(jié)構(gòu)及性能進(jìn)行研究。所制備的材料具有三維納米網(wǎng)格結(jié)構(gòu),可解決納米材料團(tuán)聚問題,并可克服目前納米復(fù)合含能材料惰性基底帶來的能量損失。借助納米尺度HMX. AP及EP三者之間的協(xié)同效應(yīng),顯著改善材料的熱性能和機(jī)械性能,獲得一種綜合性能優(yōu)異的高能低感復(fù)合含能材料。該材料有望在新型固體推進(jìn)劑和發(fā)射藥等軍事領(lǐng)域得到廣泛應(yīng)用。論文主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下：(1) HMX/AP/EP的制備與表征。采用簡(jiǎn)單的共沉淀法與冷凍干燥法,以EP為基底物制備出納米復(fù)合含能材料HMX/AP/EP,通過SEM、EDS、FTIR、 BET、XRD、 IC對(duì)其結(jié)構(gòu)及組成進(jìn)行表征。結(jié)果表明,EP含量可有效控制在6%左右,HMX與AP均勻的沉積在EP納米網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)上,其粒徑在50-200nm左右,通過改變HMX、AP質(zhì)量比可以有效調(diào)節(jié)復(fù)合材料的氧平衡。EP比表面積由34.7m2g-1降低至10.3m2g-1,孔徑大小由3-90 nm降到2---40 nm,三者通過分子間相互作用力成功復(fù)合在一起,具有良好的相容性。通過感度、DSC-TG測(cè)試,結(jié)果表明復(fù)合材料的分解溫度大大提前,具有較好的熱性能。同時(shí),納米復(fù)合材料能有效提高整個(gè)體系能量,最高可達(dá)2570J/g,還能顯著降低含能材料的撞擊感度,從而獲得一種高能低感的含能材料。(2) AP/EP的制備與表征。采用簡(jiǎn)單的共沉淀法與冷凍干燥法,以EP為基底物制備出納米復(fù)合含能材料AP/EP,通過SEM、 EDS、 FTIR、 XRD、IC對(duì)樣品的結(jié)構(gòu)與組分進(jìn)行了分析,結(jié)果表明AP與EP成功實(shí)現(xiàn)分子水平復(fù)合,并獲得均一的納米網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu),AP多以沉積方式負(fù)載在EP網(wǎng)孔結(jié)構(gòu)中,其晶粒度均在100nm以下。對(duì)樣品進(jìn)行DSC-TG測(cè)試和熱動(dòng)力學(xué)計(jì)算,結(jié)果表明,復(fù)合含能材料的熱分解活化能EaI,為148 KJ/mol,Ea2為384 KJ/mol。AP與EP的復(fù)合促進(jìn)了AP的快速分解,分解溫度提前大約50℃。復(fù)合材料熱穩(wěn)定性顯著提高,整個(gè)體系能量也大大增加。同時(shí)對(duì)復(fù)合材料的爆轟性能進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè),其理論計(jì)算值表明,復(fù)合材料具有優(yōu)異的爆轟性能(爆速6523 mm/μs;爆壓20.2GPa)。EP作為一種三維網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)的含能基底,具有優(yōu)異的機(jī)械性能與熱性能,可將其與含能材料復(fù)合制備出一系列的納米復(fù)合材料,不僅能提高體系能量水平,還可賦予含能材料新的性能。
[Abstract]:Nano-composite energetic materials have excellent properties and are widely used in solid propellant and other military fields, but at present most of them are based on inert materials. In order to reduce the energy of the composite system, the energetic polymer energy polymer (EP) was used as the substrate, and its unique three-dimensional nano-net pore structure was used. HMX/AP/EP and AP/EP nano-composite energetic materials were prepared, and their structures and properties were studied. The prepared materials have three-dimensional nano-grid structure, which can solve the problem of nano-material agglomeration. It can overcome the energy loss caused by the inert substrates of nano-composite energetic materials and improve the thermal and mechanical properties of nano-scale HMX.AP and EP by virtue of the synergistic effect of HMX.AP and EP. A high energy and low sensitivity composite energetic material with excellent comprehensive properties is obtained. The material is expected to be widely used in military fields such as new solid propellants and propellants. The main contents of this thesis are as follows: 1). Preparation and characterization of HMX/AP/EP. Simple coprecipitation and freeze-drying methods were used. The nano-composite energetic material HMX / AP / EP was prepared by using EP as substrate, and the XRD was obtained by SEMX EDS FTIR and BET-XRD. The structure and composition were characterized by IC. The results show that the content of HMXs can be effectively controlled at about 6% and the homogeneous deposition of AP and HMXs on the network structure of EP. Its particle size is about 50-200 nm, by changing HMX. The mass ratio of AP can effectively adjust the oxygen balance and the specific surface area of EP from 34.7m2g-1 to 10.3m2g-1. The pore size was reduced from 3-90 nm to 2--40 nm. The three were successfully combined by intermolecular interaction and had good compatibility. The sensitivity was measured by DSC-TG. The results show that the decomposition temperature of the composites is much earlier and the thermal properties of the composites are better. At the same time, the nanocomposites can effectively improve the energy of the whole system, up to 2570 J / g. The impingement sensitivity of energetic materials can also be significantly reduced, and a kind of high-energy and low-sensitive energetic material. 2) AP/EP can be prepared and characterized by simple coprecipitation and freeze-drying methods. The nanocomposite energetic material AP / EP was prepared by EP as substrate. The structure and composition of the sample were analyzed by SEM, EDS, FTIRand XRDIC. The results show that AP and EP have been successfully recombined at molecular level, and uniform nano-network structure has been obtained. The grain sizes are below 100nm. The results of DSC-TG test and thermodynamics calculation show that the activation energy of thermal decomposition of the composite energetic materials is 148 KJ/mol. The composite of Ea2 384 KJ/mol.AP and EP promoted the rapid decomposition of AP, and the decomposition temperature was about 50 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1385444