基于顯著性檢測和煙霧時空特征的視頻火災探測方法研究
[Abstract]:Fire is one of the factors that seriously threaten the production and life safety of the major categories. The fire detection and alarm system is of great significance to protect the life and property of the people and to maintain social stability. The conventional smoke-sensing and temperature-sensing fire detector which is widely used at present has a certain limitation in the application places (space, time, etc.), and is not suitable for fire detection in high-story buildings and open spaces, has non-contact and rapid response, Video fire detection technology, which has the advantages of large detection range, active visual and other advantages, comes into being, and is applied to the fire monitoring of the ground building, the plant area, the forest and other places. The current video fire detection technology mainly focuses on the aspects of video flame detection, infrared detection and the like, and the video smoke detection technology with greater advantages in the timeliness has many problems to be solved in theory, method and application, such as the lack of standard test video library, The method for extracting the suspected smoke area is not in-depth study, and there is a lack of effective characteristics in the classification of similar moving targets, and the smoke detection is false and high. The purpose of this paper is to study the theory and method of early fire smoke detection and provide theoretical and technical support for the development and application of video fire detection technology. In this paper, a video shooting system is designed in the standard test room and the low-pressure laboratory of the fire science national key laboratory in China's science and technology university, and the video image sequence of the smoldering smoke is obtained, the video segmentation, feature extraction and analysis of the smoldering smoke are carried out, the feature recognition and the like are carried out, And then a complete video fire detection system is designed, and the feasibility of the application of the system in the low-pressure environment is experimentally verified. The specific research work is as follows: (1) Create a negative-burning smoke video base database. The fire smoke standard video image database is the raw data base of the research on the principle of video fire smoke detection and the development of the smoke identification method. in that standard test room and the low-pressure experiment cabin of the middle and large fire laboratory, a fire-smoldering smoke video acquisition platform is built, wood and cotton ropes are used as experimental materials to generate smoldering smoke, and the smoke video acquisition is carried out by using a high-definition camera, an infrared camera, a high-speed camera and the like, The collected video is standardized, and a negative-burning smoke video base database is finally established. (2) An early smoke suspected area segmentation method based on saliency detection was proposed and completed. In light of that visual attention mechanism of the human eye, the smoldering smoke can be regarded as a region of turbulence and gray in the video, and the suspected smoke region is divide by a saliency detection method based on a visual attention model combined with the top-down and the bottom-up. firstly, the brightness image and the optical flow pattern of the video are enhanced by using a non-linear enhancement method, the saliency spectrum is calculated by the enhanced image, and then the energy function of the motion foreground tectonic movement calculated by the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) is used to estimate the significance spectrum, The suspected smoke area is divided. The experimental results show that the method has better segmentation effect and can meet the demand of real-time video smoke detection. And (3) developing a video smoke detection algorithm based on the smoke-time characteristic of the smoke and the tracking method before the detection. In order to improve the accuracy and the robustness of the detection algorithm, each candidate smoke area is tracked, and the air space and time domain characteristic information are integrated in a time window for fire identification. The entropy and contrast characteristics of the turbulence smoke texture can be described by the analysis of the physical process and the smoke component of the smoke formation, and the characteristic validity verification is carried out by the experiment. The probability of fire is estimated by the cumulative estimation of multiple classification results of a time window in combination with the texture space-time characteristics, the color characteristics and the speed characteristics of the smoldering smoke image, the training support vector machine classification model. The algorithm performance is tested and verified using video containing smoke and non-smoke. The experimental results show that the framework is reasonable and effective, and other functions such as flame detection can be accomplished quickly by modifying the components in the frame. Finally, the influence of the smoke concentration on the detection of the video smoke is analyzed, and the smoke concentration is an important factor that needs to be considered in the research of fire detection and industrial application. And (4) designing a smoldering smoke video detection system and testing the applicability of the system under the low pressure environment. And the video smoke detection system is developed according to the experimental results and the video smoke detection method of the earlier research. the smoke video under different air pressure is analyzed by using a negative-burning smoke segmentation method based on the significance detection and a detection front tracking algorithm, the smoke area of the smoldering smoke under different air pressure is divided, the smoke area characteristic is extracted, and then the brightness, the speed mean value and the variance of the smoke area in the video are extracted, The characteristics of the entropy and contrast of the texture are analyzed and tested by using a variety of classifiers under different air pressure. The experimental results show that the proposed method and features are still applicable in the low-pressure environment.
【學位授予單位】:中國科學技術大學
【學位級別】:博士
【學位授予年份】:2016
【分類號】:X924.3;X932
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