急傾斜高瓦斯綜放開采采空區(qū)自然發(fā)火機理及防治研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-06-06 06:41
【摘要】：隨著我國一些礦區(qū)老化與開采深度不斷增大,煤層開采條件越來越復(fù)雜,急傾斜、高瓦斯、深部開采成為必然。據(jù)統(tǒng)計在我國煤炭資源中,急傾斜煤層的儲量占煤炭總儲量的4%,南方地區(qū)80%的礦區(qū)賦存有急傾斜煤層。而在開采方法上,部分急傾斜礦井為提高開采強度與產(chǎn)量,探索采用綜放開采方式。綜放開采由于一次開采強度大,冒落高度大,采空區(qū)殘煤多,漏風(fēng)嚴(yán)重,使得采空區(qū)自然發(fā)火危險性增加。論文以急傾斜高瓦斯綜放開采采空區(qū)自然發(fā)火問題作為在研究對象,結(jié)合現(xiàn)場實際,找到防治這類礦井自然發(fā)火的有效措施。 預(yù)防煤炭自燃,首先必須對煤的自然傾向性進(jìn)行研究。論文在分析了我國現(xiàn)行鑒定方法的局限性基礎(chǔ)上,提出采用熱分析技術(shù)和活化能理論相結(jié)合的方法,采用熱重、紅外和質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用的方式,運用動力學(xué)機制模型函數(shù),全面分析煤的低溫氧化反應(yīng)能力和氧化熱解過程,確定指標(biāo)氣體、特征溫度、求解活化能,分析煤的自燃傾向性。 對于有自燃傾向性的急傾斜高瓦斯綜放工作面,必須對采空區(qū)流場的氣體運移規(guī)律進(jìn)行深入分析。論文針對這類采空區(qū)流場特點,應(yīng)用多孔介質(zhì)的理論,建立采空區(qū)三維非均質(zhì)流場數(shù)學(xué)模型。采空區(qū)氣體流動服從Darcy定律、連續(xù)方程和動量方程。在對急傾斜采空區(qū)滲流系數(shù)進(jìn)行確定及優(yōu)化的基礎(chǔ)上,應(yīng)用CFD技術(shù),對氣體組分動力彌散現(xiàn)象及其機理進(jìn)行分析,建立采空區(qū)氣體組分動力彌散方程,并對采空區(qū)流場進(jìn)行仿真。 在煤炭自然發(fā)火監(jiān)測上,提出將測溫法與標(biāo)志氣體分析法相結(jié)合。通過優(yōu)化監(jiān)測工藝、測點布置和監(jiān)測指標(biāo)等實現(xiàn)全面、快速、準(zhǔn)確的監(jiān)測與監(jiān)控。 在對采空區(qū)“三帶”劃分上,結(jié)合急傾斜綜放面采空區(qū)遺煤的分布特點和三帶劃分的影響因素,提出急傾斜綜放面采空區(qū)自燃“三帶”劃分指標(biāo),明確急傾斜綜放面采空區(qū)的“三帶”分布趨勢與特點。 最后通過模擬、實驗以及現(xiàn)場測試等手段,確定采空區(qū)自然發(fā)火測控參數(shù),提出有效的防滅火綜合技術(shù)。特別是在動態(tài)調(diào)風(fēng)中,針對瓦斯與火進(jìn)行了風(fēng)量耦合計算,對于出現(xiàn)的不可調(diào)和矛盾,采取瓦斯抽采、注氮防滅火等技術(shù)措施進(jìn)行控制。并對瓦斯抽采及注氮防滅火的相關(guān)技術(shù)參數(shù)、對采空區(qū)“三帶”的影響等進(jìn)行分析和模擬,保證急傾斜高瓦斯礦井的瓦斯與火的安全性。經(jīng)過實踐應(yīng)用,取得較好應(yīng)用效果。
[Abstract]:With the aging and mining depth of some mining areas in China, coal seam mining conditions are becoming more and more complex, steeply inclined, high gas, deep mining is inevitable. According to statistics, the reserves of steeply inclined coal seams account for 4% of the total coal reserves in China, and 80% of the mining areas in southern China have steeply inclined coal seams. In the mining method, in order to improve the mining intensity and production, some steeply inclined mines adopt fully mechanized top coal caving mining method. Due to the high intensity of primary mining, large caving height, more residual coal and serious air leakage in goaf, the risk of spontaneous combustion in goaf is increased. In this paper, the problem of spontaneous combustion in goaf of steeply inclined high gas fully mechanized caving mining is taken as the research object, and the effective measures to prevent and control spontaneous combustion in this kind of mine are found according to the actual situation in the field. In order to prevent spontaneous combustion of coal, the natural tendency of coal must be studied first. Based on the analysis of the limitations of the current identification methods in China, this paper puts forward the method of combining thermal analysis technology with activation energy theory, the combination of thermogravimetric, infrared and mass spectrometry, and the use of kinetic mechanism model function. The oxidation ability and pyrolysis process of coal at low temperature are analyzed comprehensively, the index gas and characteristic temperature are determined, the activation energy is solved, and the spontaneous combustion tendency of coal is analyzed. For the steeply inclined high gas fully mechanized caving face with spontaneous combustion tendency, the gas migration law of the goaf flow field must be deeply analyzed. According to the characteristics of this kind of goaf flow field, the mathematical model of three-dimensional heterogeneous flow field in goaf is established by using the theory of porous media. The gas flow in goaf obeys Darcy's law, continuity equation and momentum equation. On the basis of determining and optimizing the seepage coefficient of steeply inclined goaf, the dynamic dispersion phenomenon and mechanism of gas components are analyzed by using CFD technique, and the dynamic dispersion equation of gas components in goaf is established. The flow field in goaf is simulated. In the monitoring of coal spontaneous combustion, the combination of temperature measurement method and marked gas analysis method is put forward. Comprehensive, rapid and accurate monitoring and monitoring are realized by optimizing monitoring technology, layout of measuring points and monitoring indexes. On the division of "three zones" in goaf, combined with the distribution characteristics of residual coal in goaf of steeply inclined fully mechanized caving face and the influencing factors of the division of three zones, the classification index of "three zones" of spontaneous combustion in goaf of steeply inclined fully mechanized caving face is put forward. The distribution trend and characteristics of "three zones" in goaf of steeply inclined fully mechanized caving face are clarified. Finally, by means of simulation, experiment and field test, the measurement and control parameters of spontaneous combustion in goaf are determined, and an effective comprehensive technology of fire prevention and extinguishing is put forward. Especially in the dynamic air regulation, the coupling calculation of air volume between gas and fire is carried out, and the technical measures such as gas extraction, nitrogen injection and fire prevention and extinguishing are adopted to control the irreconcilable contradiction. The related technical parameters of gas extraction and nitrogen injection fire prevention and extinguishing are analyzed and simulated, and the influence of "three zones" in goaf is analyzed and simulated to ensure the safety of gas and fire in steeply inclined high gas mine. Through practical application, good application effect has been obtained.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧工程技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TD752.2
本文編號：2494145
[Abstract]:With the aging and mining depth of some mining areas in China, coal seam mining conditions are becoming more and more complex, steeply inclined, high gas, deep mining is inevitable. According to statistics, the reserves of steeply inclined coal seams account for 4% of the total coal reserves in China, and 80% of the mining areas in southern China have steeply inclined coal seams. In the mining method, in order to improve the mining intensity and production, some steeply inclined mines adopt fully mechanized top coal caving mining method. Due to the high intensity of primary mining, large caving height, more residual coal and serious air leakage in goaf, the risk of spontaneous combustion in goaf is increased. In this paper, the problem of spontaneous combustion in goaf of steeply inclined high gas fully mechanized caving mining is taken as the research object, and the effective measures to prevent and control spontaneous combustion in this kind of mine are found according to the actual situation in the field. In order to prevent spontaneous combustion of coal, the natural tendency of coal must be studied first. Based on the analysis of the limitations of the current identification methods in China, this paper puts forward the method of combining thermal analysis technology with activation energy theory, the combination of thermogravimetric, infrared and mass spectrometry, and the use of kinetic mechanism model function. The oxidation ability and pyrolysis process of coal at low temperature are analyzed comprehensively, the index gas and characteristic temperature are determined, the activation energy is solved, and the spontaneous combustion tendency of coal is analyzed. For the steeply inclined high gas fully mechanized caving face with spontaneous combustion tendency, the gas migration law of the goaf flow field must be deeply analyzed. According to the characteristics of this kind of goaf flow field, the mathematical model of three-dimensional heterogeneous flow field in goaf is established by using the theory of porous media. The gas flow in goaf obeys Darcy's law, continuity equation and momentum equation. On the basis of determining and optimizing the seepage coefficient of steeply inclined goaf, the dynamic dispersion phenomenon and mechanism of gas components are analyzed by using CFD technique, and the dynamic dispersion equation of gas components in goaf is established. The flow field in goaf is simulated. In the monitoring of coal spontaneous combustion, the combination of temperature measurement method and marked gas analysis method is put forward. Comprehensive, rapid and accurate monitoring and monitoring are realized by optimizing monitoring technology, layout of measuring points and monitoring indexes. On the division of "three zones" in goaf, combined with the distribution characteristics of residual coal in goaf of steeply inclined fully mechanized caving face and the influencing factors of the division of three zones, the classification index of "three zones" of spontaneous combustion in goaf of steeply inclined fully mechanized caving face is put forward. The distribution trend and characteristics of "three zones" in goaf of steeply inclined fully mechanized caving face are clarified. Finally, by means of simulation, experiment and field test, the measurement and control parameters of spontaneous combustion in goaf are determined, and an effective comprehensive technology of fire prevention and extinguishing is put forward. Especially in the dynamic air regulation, the coupling calculation of air volume between gas and fire is carried out, and the technical measures such as gas extraction, nitrogen injection and fire prevention and extinguishing are adopted to control the irreconcilable contradiction. The related technical parameters of gas extraction and nitrogen injection fire prevention and extinguishing are analyzed and simulated, and the influence of "three zones" in goaf is analyzed and simulated to ensure the safety of gas and fire in steeply inclined high gas mine. Through practical application, good application effect has been obtained.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧工程技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TD752.2
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