【摘要】：露天礦采空區(qū)空洞火區(qū)是露天礦生產(chǎn)過程中面臨的最大威脅,它不僅燒毀和凍結(jié)大量煤炭資源,易造成大型生產(chǎn)設(shè)備陷落,影響露天礦的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,而且對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境也造成了巨大的破壞,因此必須對(duì)露天礦采空區(qū)空洞火區(qū)進(jìn)行研究和治理。采空區(qū)空洞火區(qū)具有三維立體特征,內(nèi)部空間巨大,傳統(tǒng)的注水、注漿等防滅火技術(shù)難以對(duì)空洞火區(qū)進(jìn)行全方位治理。泡沫具有優(yōu)良的堆積性能,對(duì)露天礦空洞火區(qū)具有很強(qiáng)的適用性,但是現(xiàn)有露天礦泡沫制備裝置產(chǎn)泡能力弱,難以滿足現(xiàn)場(chǎng)需求。本文采用理論分析、實(shí)驗(yàn)研究和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)結(jié)合的方法,進(jìn)行了以大流量灌注泡沫為主的露天礦采空區(qū)空洞火區(qū)治理方法研究,取得的主要成果和結(jié)論如下:設(shè)計(jì)了新型大流量泡沫制備裝置。從網(wǎng)孔成泡機(jī)理和泡沫的力學(xué)性質(zhì)以及衰變機(jī)理分析了網(wǎng)式發(fā)泡的成因及影響因素。裝置主要由螺旋噴頭組、復(fù)合凹面網(wǎng)和高壓離心風(fēng)機(jī)構(gòu)成,螺旋噴頭組可以將泡沫液很好的霧化并均勻噴灑到復(fù)合凹面網(wǎng)上,復(fù)合凹面網(wǎng)則能夠?qū)ε菽哼M(jìn)行吸附并形成液膜,風(fēng)機(jī)則為泡沫制備提供氣源和動(dòng)力。測(cè)試了大流量泡沫制備裝置的產(chǎn)泡性能。利用自主構(gòu)建的裝置產(chǎn)泡性能實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng),采用控制變量、分組多次實(shí)驗(yàn)的方式,探究了氣體流量和液體流量對(duì)裝置產(chǎn)泡性能的影響,實(shí)驗(yàn)研究表明:在1000~3000m3/h供風(fēng)量范圍內(nèi),裝置產(chǎn)泡量隨著供風(fēng)量的增加出現(xiàn)先增加后減小的現(xiàn)象,裝置發(fā)泡倍數(shù)的變化趨勢(shì)和產(chǎn)泡量的變化趨勢(shì)相似,最大產(chǎn)泡量出現(xiàn)在2100~2300m3/h供風(fēng)量時(shí),說明對(duì)于特定尺寸的泡沫制備裝置,最佳產(chǎn)泡效果時(shí)的風(fēng)速是一定的。在6~16m3/h供液量范圍內(nèi),裝置產(chǎn)泡量隨著供液量的增加呈逐漸增加的趨勢(shì),而裝置發(fā)泡倍數(shù)隨著供液量的增加呈先增加后減小趨勢(shì)。供液量較小時(shí),泡沫呈不連續(xù)碎片狀,此時(shí)裝置風(fēng)量利用率低,供液量過大時(shí),泡沫內(nèi)出現(xiàn)大量過剩的泡沫液,泡沫液并沒有完全發(fā)泡,發(fā)泡倍數(shù)降低,綜合考慮,該裝置的最佳供液量為10~12m3/h。研究了泡沫的堆積特性。利用自主構(gòu)建的可視化采空區(qū)空洞模型,研究了泡沫在采空區(qū)空洞內(nèi)的堆積規(guī)律,研究表明,泡沫在受限空間內(nèi)具有優(yōu)良的堆積能力,堆積過程可分為三個(gè)階段,第一階段,泡沫沿著空洞模型底板擴(kuò)散流動(dòng),該階段中后期泡沫呈勻速流動(dòng)狀態(tài);第二階段,泡沫整體堆積高度增加,左側(cè)壁面處泡沫高度增加速度快,最先到達(dá)模型頂板;第三階段,泡沫從模型兩邊開始,逐漸將整個(gè)空洞模型空間充填滿。開展了露天礦采空區(qū)空洞火區(qū)滅火工程實(shí)踐。針對(duì)中煤平朔集團(tuán)安家?guī)X礦采空區(qū)空洞火區(qū)成因及特點(diǎn),確定了“前期火區(qū)滅火降溫、后期火區(qū)空洞全方位充填”的火區(qū)治理方案,提出了以大流量灌注泡沫為主體,輔助以注漿和注高水材料的綜合滅火方法,首先采用注漿措施處理火區(qū)內(nèi)部低位火源,然后向火區(qū)內(nèi)部灌注泡沫,待完全熄滅火區(qū)火源后,采用超高水材料將火區(qū)空洞完全充填,防止火區(qū)復(fù)燃,取得了很好的滅火效果。
[Abstract]:The hollow fire area in the mined-out area of the open-pit mine is the greatest threat to the production of the open-pit mine. It not only burns and freezes a large amount of coal resources, but also causes the large-scale production equipment to fall, has an impact on the economic benefit of the open-pit mine, and also causes great damage to the ecological environment. Therefore, it is necessary to study and control the hollow fire area in the goaf of the open-pit mine. The hollow fire area of the goaf has three-dimensional and three-dimensional characteristics, the inner space is huge, and the traditional fire-fighting technology such as water injection, grouting and the like is difficult to carry out all-round treatment on the hollow fire area. The foam has excellent stacking performance, and has strong applicability to the open pit fire area, but the foam preparation device of the existing open-pit mine has weak foaming capacity and is difficult to meet the on-site demand. In this paper, by means of theoretical analysis, experimental research and on-site combination, the method of the treatment of the hollow fire area in the goaf of the open-pit mine with large flow perfusion foam is carried out. The main results and conclusions are as follows: a new type of large-flow foam preparation device is designed. The mechanism of cell formation and the mechanical properties of the foam and the mechanism of decay are used to analyze the causes and influencing factors of the net-type foaming. The device is mainly composed of a spiral spray head group, a composite concave net and a high-pressure centrifugal fan, And the air source and the power are provided for the foam preparation. And the foaming property of the large-flow foam preparation device is tested. The effect of gas flow and liquid flow on the bubble performance of the device was investigated by means of the self-constructed experimental system of the bubble performance of the device. The experimental results show that in the range of 1000-3000 m3/ h for air flow, The foaming quantity of the device is reduced by the increase of the air supply volume, the variation trend of the foaming multiple of the device and the change trend of the bubble generation amount are similar, and when the maximum bubble generation amount occurs between 2100 and 2300 m3/ h for air flow, the foam preparation device for the specific size is described. The wind speed at the time of the optimal bubble generation is certain. In the range of 6 ~ 16m3/ h, the foam volume of the device gradually increases with the increase of the liquid supply, and the foaming multiple of the device decreases with the increase of the liquid supply. When the liquid supply amount is small, the foam is in the form of discontinuous chips. At this time, the air volume of the device is low, and when the amount of liquid supply is too large, a large amount of excess foam liquid is present in the foam, the foam liquid is not completely foamed, the foaming multiple is reduced, and the optimal liquid supply amount of the device is 10 to 12 m3/ h. The pile-up properties of the foam were studied. By using the self-constructed visualization goaf cavity model, the accumulation law of the foam in the empty space of the goaf is studied. The research shows that the foam has excellent stacking capacity in the confined space, and the stacking process can be divided into three stages, in that second stage, the foam height of the foam is increase, the foam height at the left side wall surface is high, the first reach the model top plate, and the third stage, the foam starts from both sides of the model, The entire cavity model space is gradually filled with space. The practice of fire-fighting in the hollow fire area of the goaf in the open-pit mine is carried out. In view of the origin and characteristics of the hollow-fire zone in the Goaf of Anjialing Mine of the medium-coal-Pingshuo Group, the fire zone control scheme of the "Fire-fighting and cooling in the early-stage fire area and all-round filling in the fire area in the later stage" is determined, and a comprehensive fire-extinguishing method with large flow perfusion foam as the main body and auxiliary for grouting and high-water-filling materials is put forward, Firstly, a grouting measure is adopted to deal with the low-order fire source in the fire area, and then a foam is poured into the fire area, and after the fire area fire source is completely extinguished, the fire area cavity is completely filled with the ultra-high water material, so that the fire area is prevented from re-burning, and a good fire-extinguishing effect is achieved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TD753

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本文編號(hào)：2485067