【摘要】：我國(guó)能源目前仍以煤資源為主，而且隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的發(fā)展，煤炭資源需求量有增無(wú)減，煤礦安全生產(chǎn)的問(wèn)題越來(lái)越顯著，實(shí)時(shí)準(zhǔn)確的檢測(cè)煤礦井下環(huán)境參數(shù)十分重要。煤礦開(kāi)采過(guò)程中，粉塵及瓦斯、一氧化碳等氣體會(huì)不斷積累，有害物質(zhì)濃度不斷增大，造成安全隱患。為了稀釋礦井中的瓦斯等有害氣體，及時(shí)向外排出粉塵，需要通過(guò)通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)不斷地向礦井下輸送新鮮空氣。因此，礦井風(fēng)速的監(jiān)測(cè)是礦井監(jiān)控的主要內(nèi)容之一，為決定通風(fēng)時(shí)間和強(qiáng)度的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。本文提出了一種基于相位差法超聲波定向風(fēng)速測(cè)量系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方案，該系統(tǒng)以MSP430單片機(jī)為核心控制器，通過(guò)測(cè)量同等聲程下超聲波脈沖順風(fēng)和逆風(fēng)傳播信號(hào)的相位差，經(jīng)模擬、數(shù)字電路轉(zhuǎn)換為有效電壓信號(hào)送至單片機(jī)處理，從而獲得風(fēng)速值。 本文在對(duì)各種檢測(cè)風(fēng)速方法總結(jié)和梳理的基礎(chǔ)上確定了采用超聲波相位差原理檢測(cè)風(fēng)速方法，對(duì)超聲波探頭配置方法等進(jìn)行了比較分析，在此基礎(chǔ)上建立了風(fēng)速與相位差信號(hào)的數(shù)學(xué)模型，，提出了溫度補(bǔ)償措施，完成了檢相式超聲波風(fēng)速變送器系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)。該系統(tǒng)硬件部分在設(shè)計(jì)上采用了模塊化處理，設(shè)計(jì)了單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)電路、電源電路、超聲波驅(qū)動(dòng)的電路、信號(hào)處理電路、頻率輸出電路及連接故障報(bào)警電路等，完成PCB繪制，在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行了電路分塊和整體調(diào)試。系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì)工作包括系統(tǒng)初始化、紅外遙控標(biāo)定、風(fēng)速值數(shù)據(jù)處理、溫度補(bǔ)償、信息存儲(chǔ)、數(shù)碼顯示等功能模塊設(shè)計(jì)。在軟硬件設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)整個(gè)系統(tǒng)在實(shí)驗(yàn)室和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)風(fēng)洞下進(jìn)行了測(cè)試，并對(duì)測(cè)試結(jié)果和測(cè)量誤差進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)分析。 實(shí)測(cè)結(jié)果表明該變送器具有較高的測(cè)量精度、較寬的測(cè)量范圍，結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸較小、便與調(diào)試和安裝，具有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。
[Abstract]:Coal resources are still the main energy sources in our country. With the development of economy and society, the demand for coal resources increases unabated, and the problem of coal mine safety production becomes more and more obvious. It is very important to detect the underground environmental parameters of coal mines in real time and accurately. In the process of coal mining, dust, gas, carbon monoxide and other gases will continue to accumulate, the concentration of harmful substances will continue to increase, resulting in hidden dangers. In order to dilute the harmful gases such as gas in the mine and discharge dust to the outside in time, it is necessary to continuously transport fresh air to the mine under the mine through the ventilation system. Therefore, the monitoring of mine wind speed is one of the main contents of mine monitoring, which is the standard to determine the ventilation time and intensity. In this paper, a design scheme of ultrasonic directional wind velocity measurement system based on phase difference method is presented. The system is based on MSP430 single chip microcomputer. The system is simulated by measuring the phase difference between upwind and upwind propagation signals of ultrasonic pulse under the same sound path. The digital circuit is converted to the effective voltage signal and sent to the single chip microcomputer for processing, so as to obtain the wind speed value. In this paper, based on the summary and combing of various wind speed detection methods, the ultrasonic phase difference principle is used to detect the wind speed, and the ultrasonic probe configuration methods are compared and analyzed. On this basis, the mathematical model of wind speed and phase difference signal is established, the temperature compensation measures are put forward, and the design of phase detection ultrasonic wind speed transmitter system is completed. In the hardware part of the system, the modularization processing is adopted. The single chip microcomputer system circuit, the power supply circuit, the ultrasonic driving circuit, the signal processing circuit, the frequency output circuit and the connecting fault alarm circuit are designed to complete the PCB drawing. On this basis, the circuit is divided into blocks and debugged as a whole. The system software design includes system initialization, infrared remote control calibration, wind velocity data processing, temperature compensation, information storage, digital display and other functional modules. On the basis of software and hardware design, the whole system is tested in laboratory and standard wind tunnel, and the test results and measurement errors are analyzed systematically. The measured results show that the transmitter has high measurement accuracy, wide measurement range and small structure size, so it has a broad application prospect for debugging and installation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TD723

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