【摘要】：鐵路作為最主要的陸上交通運(yùn)輸方式之一，具有載運(yùn)量大、運(yùn)行成本低、運(yùn)輸速度快、能量消耗少等特點，在現(xiàn)代運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)中發(fā)揮著極為重要的作用。伴隨中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展，中國鐵路系統(tǒng)先后經(jīng)歷了六次提速。列車速度的提高對鐵路系統(tǒng)的安全運(yùn)行提出了更加嚴(yán)格的要求。特別是，近年來中國接連發(fā)生了多起鐵路事故，不僅造成了人員及財產(chǎn)的重大損失，還嚴(yán)重影響了中國鐵路的聲譽(yù)。對鐵路事故進(jìn)行全面分析，有針對性的采取預(yù)防和改進(jìn)措施，，對于避免事故的發(fā)生，提高鐵路系統(tǒng)的安全性顯得尤為重要。 事故致因分析有助于說明事故原因和結(jié)果之間的關(guān)系，闡明事故為什么會發(fā)生，是今后預(yù)防同類事故的重要依據(jù)。而系統(tǒng)理論，則把研究對象作為一個整體進(jìn)行考慮，分析其功能、結(jié)構(gòu)，考察對象、要素、環(huán)境之間的聯(lián)系及各自的變化規(guī)律。作為一門跨學(xué)科，多領(lǐng)域的科學(xué)，系統(tǒng)理論被廣泛運(yùn)用于工業(yè)工程、科技研究、教育、經(jīng)濟(jì)、衛(wèi)生、軍事以及行政等各個方面。利用系統(tǒng)理論的知識和方法對鐵路系統(tǒng)事故進(jìn)行分析，能夠很好的描述鐵路系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部組件的運(yùn)動變化情況及彼此間的交互，為事故致因分析提供一個系統(tǒng)的視角，從整體上把握系統(tǒng)的復(fù)雜性和動態(tài)性，全面的分析和理解事故。 本文將運(yùn)用系統(tǒng)理論方法對中國鐵路系統(tǒng)事故進(jìn)行致因分析，尋找鐵路事故發(fā)生的根本原因�；谙到y(tǒng)理論的單事故致因分析方法的提出，有助于透過事故的表面現(xiàn)象，深入系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部了解其控制機(jī)理和復(fù)雜交互，發(fā)現(xiàn)事故的根本原因�；谙到y(tǒng)理論的多事故致因共性分析方法的提出，則有助于尋找多起事故的致因共性，實現(xiàn)同時預(yù)防多起事故的目的。文中，第一章首先介紹本文的研究背景和意義，然后對相關(guān)研究工作進(jìn)行回顧。第二章介紹基于系統(tǒng)理論的單事故致因分析方法和多事故致因共性分析方法。第三章以甬溫線動車追尾事故為例，驗證單事故致因分析方法的有效性。第四章以甬溫線動車追尾事故和膠濟(jì)鐵路事故為例，對多事故致因共性進(jìn)行分析。第五章對全文研究成果進(jìn)行總結(jié)和展望。
[Abstract]:Railway, as one of the most important modes of land transportation, plays a very important role in modern transportation system because of its characteristics of large capacity, low operation cost, fast transportation speed and low energy consumption. With the rapid development of China's economy, China's railway system has experienced six times of speed-up. The improvement of train speed puts forward more strict requirements for the safe operation of railway system. In particular, there have been many railway accidents in China in recent years, which not only caused great loss of personnel and property, but also seriously affected the reputation of Chinese railways. In order to avoid accidents and improve the safety of railway system, it is very important to make a comprehensive analysis of railway accidents and take measures to prevent accidents and improve the safety of railway system. The analysis of causes of accidents is helpful to explain the relationship between causes and results of accidents and to clarify why accidents occur. It is an important basis for the prevention of similar accidents in the future. On the other hand, the system theory considers the research object as a whole and analyzes its function, structure, object, elements, environment and their changing rules. As an interdisciplinary, multi-field science, system theory is widely used in industrial engineering, scientific and technological research, education, economy, health, military and administrative aspects. Using the knowledge and method of system theory to analyze railway system accidents, it can well describe the movement change of internal components of railway system and the interaction between each other, and provide a systematic angle of view for accident cause analysis. Overall grasp the complexity and dynamics of the system, comprehensive analysis and understanding of the accident. In this paper, the causes of railway system accidents in China are analyzed by means of system theory to find out the root causes of railway accidents. The method of single accident cause analysis based on system theory is helpful to understand the control mechanism and complex interaction in the system through the surface phenomenon of the accident and find out the root cause of the accident. The common analysis method of multi-accident cause based on system theory is helpful to find the common cause of multiple accidents and realize the purpose of preventing multiple accidents at the same time. In this paper, the first chapter introduces the background and significance of this paper, and then reviews the related research work. The second chapter introduces the single accident cause analysis method and the multiple accident cause generality analysis method based on the system theory. The third chapter takes the rear-end accident of Yong-Wen Line as an example to verify the validity of the single accident cause analysis method. The fourth chapter takes the rear-end accident of Yongwen line train and Jiaoji railway accident as examples to analyze the common cause of multi-accident. The fifth chapter summarizes and looks forward to the full-text research results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：U298

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