【摘要】：安徽淮南礦區(qū)新生界第四系下含水是對(duì)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)際生產(chǎn)過程有直接影響的含水層,以往留設(shè)了60-80m的防水煤(巖)柱,造成資源大量浪費(fèi)。近年來,由于煤炭資源短缺,有些煤礦開始回采原來為留設(shè)防水煤柱而呆滯的煤層,但是部分礦井在鄰近含水層采煤時(shí)發(fā)生了多起工作面壓架突水事故,造成了重大經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。由于煤層上覆巖層賦存狀態(tài)與深埋煤層開采情況相比有一定差異,導(dǎo)致鄰近承壓含水層煤層開采時(shí),其覆巖垮落特征有很大的特殊性。針對(duì)潘一礦1602(3)工作面壓架突水災(zāi)害問題,通過深入調(diào)查、收集、整理分析相關(guān)礦區(qū)工程地質(zhì)特性,綜合運(yùn)用理論分析、數(shù)值模擬和實(shí)驗(yàn)室?guī)r石力學(xué)測(cè)試試驗(yàn)、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)測(cè)等手段,就潘-礦13-1煤層上覆覆巖結(jié)構(gòu)特征、壓架突水機(jī)理、支架合理工作阻力及災(zāi)害防治對(duì)策進(jìn)行深入研究。 通過理論分析和模擬試驗(yàn)研究,揭示了松散層下部的承壓含水層起到了均勻傳遞載荷的作用,此時(shí)基巖承受的載荷較無承壓含水層情況下要大得多,松散層下部有無承壓含水層對(duì)基巖面承受載荷的大小影響很大,無承壓含水層時(shí),自開挖剛開始進(jìn)行時(shí),基巖層位處的垂直應(yīng)力呈現(xiàn)非均勻分布特征；有承壓含水層時(shí),基巖層位處的垂直應(yīng)力基本不受開挖的影響,載荷基本保持不變。在對(duì)潘一礦13-1煤層覆巖結(jié)構(gòu)分類的基礎(chǔ)上,通過數(shù)值模擬,研究掌握了高承壓含水層載荷傳遞作用下不同覆巖結(jié)構(gòu)垮落特征：當(dāng)堅(jiān)硬型覆巖結(jié)構(gòu)巖層的巖性組合及其厚度滿足一定的條件時(shí),硬巖層易發(fā)生復(fù)合破斷；中硬型覆巖結(jié)構(gòu)初次破斷時(shí)會(huì)形成非對(duì)稱三鉸拱式結(jié)構(gòu)。將上述結(jié)論應(yīng)用到1602(3)工作面,其覆巖同時(shí)存在堅(jiān)硬型和中硬型覆巖結(jié)構(gòu),且滿足硬巖層發(fā)生復(fù)合破斷的條件,運(yùn)用關(guān)鍵層理論,建立了不同覆巖結(jié)構(gòu)初次垮落后結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)模型,計(jì)算出了防止結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)滑落失穩(wěn)時(shí)支架合理工作阻力均大于支架實(shí)際工作阻力,這是導(dǎo)致1602(3)工作面出現(xiàn)壓架突水的根本原因。提出防治壓架突水的對(duì)策并應(yīng)用于工程實(shí)踐,獲得了良好的安全經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)效益。
[Abstract]:The water cut under the Cenozoic Quaternary in Huainan mining area of Anhui province is an aquifer which has a direct influence on the actual production process in the field. In the past, 60 ~ 80 m waterproof coal (rock) columns were set up, resulting in a large amount of waste of resources. In recent years, due to the shortage of coal resources, some coal mines began to recover the coal seams which had been stagnant in order to retain waterproof coal pillars. However, in some mines, when mining coal near the aquifer, a number of accidents of water inrush occurred at the working face pressure frame, resulting in a great economic loss. Because of the difference between the occurrence state of the overlying strata of the coal seam and the mining situation of the deep coal seam, the characteristics of the overlying rock caving are very special in the mining of the coal seam near the confined aquifer. Aiming at the water inrush disaster of pressure frame in 1602 (3) working face of Panyi Coal Mine, through in-depth investigation, collection and analysis of relevant mining area engineering geological characteristics, comprehensive use of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and laboratory rock mechanics test, In this paper, the overlying rock structure characteristics, water inrush mechanism, reasonable working resistance and disaster prevention countermeasures of the overlying rock in Pan-1 coal seam are studied by means of on-the-spot measurement and other means. Through theoretical analysis and simulation experiments, it is revealed that the confined aquifer in the lower part of loose bed plays a role of uniform load transfer, and the load of bedrock is much larger than that of non-confined aquifer. Whether or not there is a confined aquifer in the lower part of the loose bed has a great influence on the load bearing on the bedrock surface. When the aquifer is not confined, the vertical stress in the bedrock bed is non-uniform distribution when the excavation begins. In confined aquifer, the vertical stress at bedrock level is almost unaffected by excavation, and the load is basically unchanged. On the basis of classification of overburden rock structure of 13-1 coal seam in Pan-1 Coal Mine, numerical simulation is carried out. The collapse characteristics of different overburden rock structures under the load transfer of high confined aquifer are studied and grasped: when the lithologic combination and thickness of hard overlying rock strata meet certain conditions, the hard rock strata are prone to compound fracture; The asymmetrical three-hinged arch structure will be formed when the medium-hard overlying rock structure is broken at the first time. Applying the above conclusion to 1602 (3) working face, the overburden rock has both hard and medium-hard overburden structure, and satisfies the condition of complex fracture of hard rock stratum, and applies the theory of key stratum. The mechanical models of the first collapse and backwardness of different overburden structures are established, and the reasonable working resistance of the support is greater than the actual working resistance of the support when the structure is prevented from sliding and instability. This is the root cause of water inrush in 1602 (3) face. This paper puts forward the countermeasures of preventing and controlling the water inrush of the press frame and applies it to the engineering practice, and obtains good safety, economic and technical benefits.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TD74

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