【摘要】：主動吸聲方法是解決低頻噪聲的有效手段，通過結(jié)合主被動吸聲技術(shù)，可以解決寬頻帶內(nèi)的降噪問題。壓電材料作為一種可以轉(zhuǎn)換力-電能量的智能材料，在振動噪聲控制領(lǐng)域被廣泛應(yīng)用和研究。論文基于流行的有限元方法對壓電-橡膠2-2型復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了研究，，采用大型商業(yè)有限元軟件對復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的動力學(xué)特性、吸聲特性和靈敏度因素進(jìn)行了分析。 論文研究了壓電材料和均勻多層材料的聲傳播特性和壓電復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的主動吸聲理論以及在流體環(huán)境中結(jié)構(gòu)-壓電-流體多物理場耦合的有限元理論，從理論上分析了利用壓電材料實現(xiàn)主動吸聲的可行性，并提出了適用于有限元軟件進(jìn)行材料吸聲系數(shù)計算的聲波分離法和阻抗匹配法。 對橡膠層、壓電陶瓷層和壓電復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)分別進(jìn)行了模態(tài)分析、諧響應(yīng)分析和瞬態(tài)分析，研究了三種結(jié)構(gòu)表面壓強(qiáng)、電壓和位移響應(yīng)之間的相互關(guān)系�；谧杩蛊ヅ浞�，對結(jié)構(gòu)表面施加不同頻率的諧波壓強(qiáng)模擬平面聲波作用，通過提取表面質(zhì)點穩(wěn)態(tài)速度響應(yīng)，計算分析了三種結(jié)構(gòu)的表面聲阻抗、水中阻抗匹配度和被動吸聲系數(shù)。 在對上述三種材料的動力學(xué)特性和吸聲特性分析的基礎(chǔ)上，研究了壓電復(fù)合材料的厚度、結(jié)構(gòu)和電壓等相關(guān)影響因素對吸聲特性的靈敏度分析，為通過調(diào)整結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)、控制電壓進(jìn)行阻抗匹配實現(xiàn)主動吸聲提供參考和依據(jù)。在靈敏度分析的基礎(chǔ)上，對壓電復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)同時施加變頻變幅的聲壓載荷和控制電壓，仿真分析了壓電復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的主動吸聲方法，結(jié)果顯示其有效改善了材料的低頻吸聲特性。
[Abstract]:Active sound absorption method is an effective method to solve low frequency noise. By combining active and passive sound absorption technology, the problem of noise reduction in wide band can be solved. Piezoelectric materials are widely used and studied in the field of vibration and noise control as a kind of intelligent material which can convert force-electric energy. In this paper, the piezoelectric-rubber 2-2 composite structure is studied based on the popular finite element method. The dynamic characteristics, sound absorption characteristics and sensitivity factors of the composite structure are analyzed by large-scale commercial finite element software. In this paper, the acoustic propagation characteristics of piezoelectric materials and uniform multilayer materials, the active sound absorption theory of piezoelectric composite structures and the finite element theory of structure-piezoelectric-fluid multi-physical field coupling in fluid environment are studied. The feasibility of using piezoelectric materials to realize active sound absorption is analyzed theoretically, and the sound wave separation method and impedance matching method suitable for the calculation of sound absorption coefficient of materials by finite element software are put forward. Modal analysis, harmonic response analysis and transient analysis of rubber layer, piezoelectric ceramic layer and piezoelectric composite structure are carried out respectively. The relationship among surface pressure, voltage and displacement response of the three structures is studied. Based on the impedance matching method, the surface acoustic impedance of three kinds of structures is calculated and analyzed by extracting the steady-state velocity response of the surface particles by applying harmonic pressure of different frequencies to the surface of the structure. Impedance matching and passive sound absorption coefficient in water. Based on the analysis of the dynamic and sound absorption characteristics of the three materials mentioned above, the sensitivity analysis of the thickness, structure and voltage of the piezoelectric composites to the sound absorption characteristics is studied in order to adjust the structural parameters. Control voltage impedance matching to achieve active sound absorption provides a reference and basis. On the basis of sensitivity analysis, the active sound absorption method of piezoelectric composite structure is simulated and analyzed by applying the sound pressure load and control voltage of frequency conversion and amplitude variation simultaneously. The results show that the active sound absorption method of piezoelectric composite structure can effectively improve the low frequency sound absorption characteristics of the material.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TB535

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