【摘要】：對于大多數(shù)民用建筑而言,風壓作用下的自然通風是通風的主要形式,而自然通風也是改善室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)和熱濕環(huán)境的重要手段之一。顯然,穩(wěn)定的通風換氣對于維持室內(nèi)健康良好的環(huán)境是十分重要的。 一般情況下,在應(yīng)用自然通風公式時,常將建筑近似簡化為封閉的長方體。但是,實際情況下,建筑的住戶會打開窗戶通風改善室內(nèi)空氣環(huán)境(特別是春季和秋季),如果建筑立面上的窗戶開啟較多,會對街谷的流場和壓力場形成一定的影響,進而影響自然通風公式的應(yīng)用。此外,當建筑的一個立面接受陽光輻射,表面被加熱,在受熱面附近會形成向上的熱羽流,進而改變街谷內(nèi)的氣流分布。因此,熱效應(yīng)也是影響街谷氣流分布的重要因素之一。 在對夏熱冬冷地區(qū)典型城市上海的居住建筑窗戶開啟率情況調(diào)查和建筑壁面和地面與背景空氣的溫差進行測量后,以調(diào)查和測量的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果為依據(jù),針對不同的窗戶開啟率(WOP)和太陽輻射條件情況,利用數(shù)值模擬方法對街谷流場和溫度場進行研究。 本文研究結(jié)果表明：窗戶開啟率對迎風建筑兩側(cè)的靜壓差影響較小,可以忽略不計,但開啟率對背風建筑靜壓差的影響顯著,在計算自然通風量時,必須考慮窗戶開啟率對背風建筑通風量的影響；考慮到建筑不開窗情況是獲取房間通風口兩側(cè)靜壓差的基本模型,故本文建議設(shè)置流量系數(shù)的修正系數(shù)k將其他房間開窗通風對計算房間通風口兩側(cè)靜壓差的影響考慮進去,并給出了修正系數(shù)k取值范圍：窗戶開啟率為4.44%時,μ的修正系數(shù)k=0.43～0.49；開啟率為9.78%時k=0.32～0.36；通過定義靜壓差影響因子w,分析發(fā)現(xiàn)太陽輻射對于背風建筑附近靜壓分布的影響大于迎風建筑,且對于迎風建筑,背風面散熱情況影響最大,迎風面散熱情況的影響最��；街道內(nèi)熱效應(yīng)對建筑房間靜壓分布和自然通風的影響效果存在臨界風速(Vc),不同散熱強度時對應(yīng)的臨界風速(Vc)不同。
[Abstract]:For most civil buildings, natural ventilation under the action of wind pressure is the main form of ventilation, and natural ventilation is also one of the important means to improve indoor air quality and thermal and humid environment. It is clear that stable ventilation is very important to maintain a healthy indoor environment. In general, when applying natural ventilation formula, buildings are usually simplified as closed cuboids. However, in practice, the residents of the building will open their windows to improve the indoor air environment (especially in spring and autumn). If more windows are opened on the facade of the building, it will have a certain impact on the flow field and pressure field in the street valley. Furthermore, the application of natural ventilation formula is affected. In addition, when one of the facades of the building is exposed to sunlight and the surface is heated, an upward thermal plume is formed near the heated surface, which in turn changes the airflow distribution in the street valley. Therefore, the thermal effect is also one of the important factors affecting the distribution of air flow in the street valley. After investigating the opening rate of the windows of residential buildings in Shanghai, a typical city in hot summer and cold winter, and measuring the temperature difference between the building wall and the ground and the background air, the results are based on the data obtained from the survey and measurement. The flow field and temperature field in street valley are studied by numerical simulation method according to different window opening ratio (WOP) and solar radiation conditions. The results show that the window opening rate has little effect on the static pressure difference on both sides of the upwind building, which can be ignored, but the effect of the opening rate on the static pressure difference of the leeward building is significant. When calculating the natural ventilation volume, the static pressure difference of the backwind building is significantly affected by the opening rate of the window. The effect of window opening rate on ventilation of leeward building must be considered; Considering that not opening windows is a basic model for obtaining static pressure difference on both sides of a room vent, it is suggested to set a modified coefficient k to take into account the effect of windowing ventilation in other rooms on the calculation of static pressure difference on both sides of a room vent. The range of correction coefficient k is given as follows: when the opening rate of window is 4.44%, the correction coefficient of 渭 is 0.43% 0.49; When the opening rate is 9.78%, kw 0.32 and 0.36; By defining the influence factor w of static pressure difference, it is found that the influence of solar radiation on the static pressure distribution in the vicinity of the leeward building is greater than that of the upwind building, and for the upwind building, the influence of the backwind surface heat dissipation is the greatest and the upwind side heat dissipation is the least. The effect of street thermal effect on the static pressure distribution and natural ventilation of building rooms has different critical wind velocity (Vc) when the critical wind speed (Vc), is different with different heat dissipation intensity.
【學位授予單位】：東華大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU834

【參考文獻】

中國期刊全文數(shù)據(jù)庫 前9條

1 趙彬,林波榮,李先庭,江億;建筑群風環(huán)境的數(shù)值模擬仿真優(yōu)化設(shè)計[J];城市規(guī)劃匯刊;2002年02期

2 劉春艷;彭興黔;趙青春;;沿海城市住宅小區(qū)風環(huán)境研究[J];福建建筑;2010年07期

3 王遠成,吳文權(quán);不同形狀建筑物周圍風環(huán)境的研究[J];上海理工大學學報;2004年01期

4 苗世光,蔣維楣,王曉云,張寧,季崇萍,李炬;城市小區(qū)氣象與污染擴散數(shù)值模式建立的研究[J];環(huán)境科學學報;2002年04期

5 湯廣發(fā),趙福云,周安偉;城市住宅小區(qū)風環(huán)境數(shù)值分析[J];湖南大學學報(自然科學版);2003年02期

6 趙福云,湯廣發(fā),劉娣,劉志強 ,周安偉;住宅小區(qū)風環(huán)境數(shù)值模擬[J];暖通空調(diào);2005年01期

7 閆鳳英;王新華;吳有聰;;城市住宅小區(qū)建筑室內(nèi)外環(huán)境對局部氣候的影響[J];太陽能學報;2010年04期

8 李磊,胡非,程雪玲,韓浩玉;Fluent在城市街區(qū)大氣環(huán)境中的一個應(yīng)用[J];中國科學院研究生院學報;2004年04期

9 吳義章,李陽,齊常生;建筑風環(huán)境模擬及其舒適性判斷[J];鄭州大學學報(自然科學版);2001年01期

中國碩士學位論文全文數(shù)據(jù)庫 前1條

1 陳麗;武漢市下墊面建筑熱環(huán)境性能數(shù)值模擬[D];華中科技大學;2007年

，

本文編號：2446674