【摘要】：隨著全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅速發(fā)展和人口的激增,各國對(duì)石油的需求不斷增長,隨之而來的是海洋石油產(chǎn)品污染的日趨嚴(yán)重,海上溢油已成為當(dāng)今海洋污染的主要原因之一。溢油鑒別是目前調(diào)查處理溢油事故的重要取證手段,油指紋鑒別是其主要的應(yīng)用技術(shù),通過分析比較可疑溢油源和溢油樣品的各類油指紋信息,為溢油事故的調(diào)查和處理提供重要的科學(xué)依據(jù)。因此,人們一直沒有停止過對(duì)溢油鑒別方法的探索、研究,從而發(fā)展簡單易行的溢油鑒別流程、分析方法等,并使它的操作性更強(qiáng),是溢油鑒別領(lǐng)域所迫切希望的。本課題的研究將為有關(guān)執(zhí)法部門進(jìn)行溢油事故的裁決提供科學(xué)依據(jù)及技術(shù)上的輔助支持,也使得拉曼光譜技術(shù)在當(dāng)代工業(yè)生產(chǎn)和科學(xué)研究中得到越來越廣泛的應(yīng)用。 本論文嘗試用顯微共焦拉曼光譜法檢測幾種重質(zhì)原油的光譜,比起常規(guī)的原油鑒別方法,拉曼光譜技術(shù)有其獨(dú)特的特點(diǎn)。它的樣品無需制備,對(duì)樣品無接觸、無損傷；能適合黑色與含水樣品,并且光譜成像快速、簡便、分辨率高。由于海水的拉曼信號(hào)很弱,不會(huì)對(duì)原油的拉曼光譜產(chǎn)生影響。所以,通過模擬原油的風(fēng)化實(shí)驗(yàn),對(duì)不同風(fēng)化時(shí)間的原油進(jìn)行拉曼光譜測定,研究其被海水鳳化后的拉曼特性的保持與變化,為溢油鑒別提供依據(jù)。然而所選取的五種不同產(chǎn)地的原油均為黑色粘稠液體,測定時(shí)有很強(qiáng)的熒光干擾,一定程度上掩蓋了原油的拉曼信號(hào)導(dǎo)致各種原油的拉曼特征峰差異很小,因此簡單通過譜圖對(duì)比法很難將他們區(qū)分開來。因此通過結(jié)合距離分析、聚類分析和貝葉斯判別分析等方法,能對(duì)未風(fēng)化的和不同風(fēng)化時(shí)間的不同原油進(jìn)行快速準(zhǔn)確的分類。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the global economy and the rapid growth of the population, the demand for oil in various countries is increasing, followed by the increasingly serious pollution of marine petroleum products. Oil spill at sea has become one of the main causes of marine pollution. Oil spill identification is an important forensic method to investigate and deal with oil spill accidents, and oil fingerprint identification is the main application technology. By analyzing and comparing various kinds of oil fingerprint information of suspicious oil spill sources and oil spill samples, It provides an important scientific basis for the investigation and treatment of oil spill accidents. Therefore, people have not stopped the exploration and research of oil spill identification method, so as to develop simple oil spill identification process, analysis method and so on, and make it more operational, which is the urgent hope in oil spill identification field. The research of this subject will provide scientific basis and technical support for the ruling of oil spill accident by relevant law enforcement departments, and also make Raman spectroscopy technology more and more widely used in contemporary industrial production and scientific research. In this paper, microconfocal Raman spectroscopy is used to detect the spectra of several heavy crude oils. Compared with the conventional methods of crude oil identification, Raman spectroscopy has its unique characteristics. It has no need of preparation, no contact, no damage to the sample, suitable for black and water-bearing samples, and fast, simple and high resolution spectral imaging. Because the Raman signal of seawater is very weak, the Raman spectra of crude oil will not be affected. Therefore, through the weathering experiment of simulated crude oil, the crude oil with different weathering time was determined by Raman spectroscopy, and the retention and change of its Raman characteristic after being molded by sea water were studied, which provided the basis for oil spill identification. However, the crude oil selected from five different places of origin is black viscous liquid, and there is strong fluorescence interference in the determination. To a certain extent, the Raman signal of crude oil leads to little difference in Raman characteristic peak of various crude oil. Therefore, it is difficult to distinguish them from each other simply by spectral comparison. Therefore, by combining distance analysis, cluster analysis and Bayesian discriminant analysis, we can quickly and accurately classify unweathered crude oil with different weathering time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：X55;U698.7

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