【摘要】：沿空留巷符合安全開采和完全開采的發(fā)展方向，具有廣闊的應用前景，但已有的研究成果多是建立在淺部薄和中厚煤層沿空留巷的基礎(chǔ)上，實踐證明深部開采與淺部開采在礦壓與顯現(xiàn)、瓦斯涌出等方面有很大不同。因此，淺部煤層沿空留巷的理論成果與實踐經(jīng)驗難以滿足深部煤層沿空留巷的需要。 本文采用理論研究和現(xiàn)場工業(yè)試驗相結(jié)合的方法，系統(tǒng)研究了柔模混凝土沿空留巷圍巖與支護剛度匹配、深井厚煤層沿空留巷支護、Y型通風與瓦斯防治技術(shù)，取得了如下研究成果： （1）首次將柔模泵注混凝土支護技術(shù)成功應用于大埋深（820m）、大采高（5.2m）的高地壓煤層沿空留巷，實測留巷頂?shù)装遄畲笠平?2mm，兩幫最大移近量56mm。（2）將沿空留巷直接頂、巷旁支護和底板簡化為具有不同剛度的彈性體，建立了 支圍系統(tǒng)剛度結(jié)構(gòu)模型，分析了各部分對系統(tǒng)剛度的影響，研究認為：單純提高巷旁支護剛度對控制圍巖變形效果不明顯，必須保證直接頂剛度、巷旁支護剛度和底板相匹配。（3）利用相鄰工作面開切眼和順槽實現(xiàn)Y型通風，建立了Y型通風主副進風巷配 比和配風量的計算公式，，揭示了采空區(qū)“U”型圈漏風通道是上隅角瓦斯超限的根本原因，提出減小采空區(qū)漏風和留巷埋管瓦斯抽放相結(jié)合的瓦斯綜合防治技術(shù)。（4）威特克提出的“分離巖塊法”沿空留巷計算模型具有原理簡單和易操作的特 點，但是該方法沒有考慮開采深度對沿空留巷圍巖壓力的影響，所以在深井沿空留巷條件下應用時誤差較大。在考慮了開采深度的影響后，修正了“分離巖塊法”計算模型，進而提出了修正后的沿空留巷圍巖壓力計算公式。（5）深井厚煤層開采時礦壓顯現(xiàn)劇烈，加之試驗工作面頂板松軟破碎，移架后澆 墻區(qū)頂板隨即垮落，導致沿空留巷難以施工。為了防止?jié)矇^(qū)頂板垮落，提出一種在工作面煤壁附近對留巷澆墻區(qū)頂板進行錨網(wǎng)索永久加強支護的新方法；為了及時有效地切斷直接頂，阻擋采空區(qū)矸石沖入留巷，提出一種在超前架間進行切頂擋矸支護的新工藝。
[Abstract]:The gob-side roadway is in line with the development direction of safe mining and complete mining, and has broad application prospects. However, most of the existing research results are based on the shallow and medium thick coal seams along the gob-side roadway. Practice shows that deep mining and shallow mining are very different in mine pressure, gas emission and so on. Therefore, the theoretical results and practical experience of retaining roadway along goaf in shallow coal seam are difficult to meet the needs of deep coal seam. In this paper, the method of combining theoretical research with field industrial test is used to systematically study the matching of surrounding rock and supporting stiffness of flexible formwork concrete along goaf retaining roadway, deep and thick coal seam gob retaining roadway support, Y-type ventilation and gas prevention technology. The research results are as follows: (1) for the first time, the flexible form pump concrete support technology has been successfully applied to the roadway along the goaf of the high pressure coal seam with large buried depth (820m) and high mining height (5.2m), and the measured maximum movement of the roof and floor of the roadway is 72 mm. The maximum movement of the two sides is 56mmm. (2) the direct roof, side support and floor are simplified as elastic bodies with different stiffness, and the stiffness structure model of the bracing system is established, and the influence of each part on the system stiffness is analyzed. It is considered that simply increasing the stiffness of roadway side support has no obvious effect on controlling the deformation of surrounding rock, so it is necessary to ensure the direct roof stiffness, and the supporting stiffness of roadway side is matched with the bottom slab. (3) Y type ventilation is realized by using the opening and cutting hole of adjacent working face and the following slot. The formula for calculating the ratio and air distribution of the main and secondary air entry roadways of Y-type ventilation is established. It is revealed that the "U" ring air leakage passage in the goaf is the fundamental cause of the gas overrun in the upper corner. This paper puts forward a comprehensive gas prevention and control technology combining the reduction of air leakage in goaf and gas drainage of buried pipe in goaf. (4) the calculation model of separated rock block method for roadway along the goaf proposed by Wittke has the characteristics of simple principle and easy operation. But this method does not consider the influence of mining depth on surrounding rock pressure of gob-side roadway, so the error is large when it is applied in the condition of deep gob-side roadway. After considering the influence of mining depth, the calculation model of "separated rock block method" is revised, and the revised formula for calculating surrounding rock pressure along goaf roadway is put forward. (5) the pressure of deep and thick coal seam appears violently during mining. In addition, the roof of the test working face is soft and broken, and the roof in the area of cast-in-place wall immediately collapses, which makes it difficult to construct the roadway along the gob. In order to prevent roof collapse in cast-in-place wall area, a new method of bolting net and cable permanent strengthening support for roof in cast-in-place wall area of retaining roadway near coal wall is put forward. In order to cut off the direct roof in time and prevent the gangue from rushing into the roadway in goaf, a new technology of cutting the roof and blocking the gangue between the leading frames is put forward.
【學位授予單位】：西安科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TD353;TD712

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