【摘要】：隨著煤礦延深開采，底板突水已成為威脅煤礦安全生產(chǎn)的最主要災(zāi)害之一，構(gòu)造裂隙帶突水是其主要表現(xiàn)形式，研究采掘過程中底板構(gòu)造裂隙帶活化滲流機(jī)制，對(duì)于礦井水害的預(yù)測(cè)和防治具有重要意義。為此，論文綜合運(yùn)用室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)、理論分析及現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)測(cè)等方法，針對(duì)帶壓開采過程中的構(gòu)造裂隙帶活化突水通道形成機(jī)制及滲流突變規(guī)律進(jìn)行了深入研究，取得如下成果： 對(duì)巖石裂隙滲流的細(xì)觀特征進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)，分析巖石破壞過程中不同階段滲透性變化及其與巖石內(nèi)部微裂紋的演化關(guān)系，探討巖石滲透性隨變形的變化特點(diǎn)以及滲透系數(shù)應(yīng)力之間的關(guān)聯(lián)性，得出塑性軟巖和脆性堅(jiān)硬巖石在全應(yīng)力應(yīng)變過程中的變形規(guī)律及滲透性差異；根據(jù)脆性巖石的破壞機(jī)制與滲透系數(shù)的演化類比關(guān)系，結(jié)合巖石統(tǒng)計(jì)強(qiáng)度和重整化群理論，在巖石試樣承載能力概率函數(shù)基礎(chǔ)上推導(dǎo)出了預(yù)測(cè)巖石臨界破壞點(diǎn)處應(yīng)變的表達(dá)式。 根據(jù)底板不同突水模式的力學(xué)共性特征，將底板突水劃分為突水蓄勢(shì)和突水失穩(wěn)兩個(gè)過程，并闡述各突水過程的基本力學(xué)特征，結(jié)合已有突水實(shí)例的統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果，分析突水的發(fā)生條件、災(zāi)變特征及影響因素；通過現(xiàn)場(chǎng)原位壓滲實(shí)測(cè)，獲取煤系完整巖層及裂隙帶巖體的平均阻滲強(qiáng)度，，研究底板巖體的阻滲特征，提出采用底板有效隔水層（單位厚度阻滲強(qiáng)度）評(píng)價(jià)斷層帶阻滲條件的方法。 通過室內(nèi)物理模擬試驗(yàn)，基于采用孔隙流裂隙流管道流的滲流組合類型來表示斷層帶滲流過程的思想，指出斷層帶中充填物顆粒的流失是斷層突水量和滲流類型發(fā)生改變的基礎(chǔ)；結(jié)合現(xiàn)場(chǎng)壓滲試驗(yàn)結(jié)果獲得了構(gòu)造裂隙帶滲透破壞是底板突水的前兆過程，構(gòu)造裂隙帶活化突水實(shí)質(zhì)是底板巖體發(fā)生滲透破壞，也是底板水害防治的重要階段。 考慮斷層破碎帶中介質(zhì)的不同力學(xué)性質(zhì)及外界采掘擾動(dòng)的影響，用突變理論建立斷層活化失穩(wěn)的非線性模型，推導(dǎo)出斷層活化失穩(wěn)的充要力學(xué)判據(jù)及突水臨界壓力；從非線性的角度將誘發(fā)斷層活化突水的外界擾動(dòng)條件分為臨界微擾動(dòng)和超前強(qiáng)擾動(dòng)，分析煤層底板斷層活化突水與外界采掘擾動(dòng)條件的關(guān)聯(lián)性，揭示外界擾動(dòng)條件下的斷層活化突水機(jī)理。 論文最后將試驗(yàn)及理論成果應(yīng)用于現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，檢驗(yàn)斷層帶巖體阻滲強(qiáng)度評(píng)價(jià)方法及斷層活化突變模型的適用性，為帶壓開采構(gòu)造擾動(dòng)底板突水危險(xiǎn)性評(píng)價(jià)提供了理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:With the deep mining of coal mine, the water inrush from floor has become one of the most important disasters threatening the safety of coal mine production, and the water inrush of structural fissure zone is the main manifestation of it. The mechanism of activated seepage in the tectonic fissure zone of floor plate during mining is studied. It is of great significance for the prediction and prevention of mine water damage. In this paper, the mechanism of formation of activated water inrush passage in structural fissure zone and the law of seepage mutation in the process of mining with pressure are studied thoroughly by means of laboratory experiment, theoretical analysis and field measurement. The results are as follows: the microscopic characteristics of rock fissure seepage are tested, and the relationship between the permeability change in different stages of rock failure and the evolution of microcracks in rock is analyzed. The variation characteristics of rock permeability with deformation and the relationship between permeability coefficient stress are discussed. The deformation law and permeability difference between plastic soft rock and brittle hard rock in the process of full stress and strain are obtained. According to the relationship between the failure mechanism of brittle rock and the evolution analogy of permeability coefficient, combined with the statistical strength of rock and the theory of renormalization group, the expression of strain at critical failure point of rock is derived on the basis of probability function of bearing capacity of rock specimen. According to the general mechanical characteristics of different water inrush modes, the water inrush is divided into two processes: water inrush potential and water inrush instability. The basic mechanical characteristics of each water inrush process are expounded, and combined with the statistical results of existing water inrush examples. The occurrence conditions, catastrophic characteristics and influencing factors of water inrush were analyzed. The average impermeability strength of intact strata and fracture zone rock mass of coal measures is obtained by in-situ pressure seepage measurement, and the impermeability characteristics of floor rock mass are studied. This paper presents a method for evaluating the impermeability condition of fault zone by using effective water barrier layer (per unit thickness of impermeable strength) of bottom plate. Through the laboratory physical simulation test, based on the idea of adopting the seepage combination type of pore flow and fissure flow pipe flow to express the seepage process of fault zone, It is pointed out that the loss of filling particles in fault zone is the basis for the change of fault water inrush and seepage type. Combined with the results of the field pressure-seepage test, it is obtained that the seepage failure of the structural fracture zone is a precursor process of water inrush from the bottom plate, and the activated water inrush of the structural fissure zone is the seepage failure of the floor rock mass and the important stage of the prevention and control of the water hazard of the bottom plate. Considering the different mechanical properties of the medium in the fault fracture zone and the influence of the external mining disturbance, the nonlinear model of the fault activation instability is established by using the catastrophe theory, and the filling mechanics criterion and the critical pressure of water inrush are derived. From the nonlinear point of view, the external disturbance conditions of induced fault activation water inrush are divided into critical micro-disturbance and advanced strong disturbance, and the correlation between the induced fault activation water inrush and the external mining disturbance condition is analyzed. The mechanism of fault activation and water inrush under external disturbance is revealed. Finally, the test and theoretical results are applied to the field to test the applicability of the evaluation method of seepage resistance strength of rock mass in fault zone and the catastrophe model of fault activation, which provides a theoretical basis for the risk assessment of water inrush from disturbed bottom plate of structure with pressure mining.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TD745

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