建筑外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)防火技術(shù)研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-01-10 13:07
【摘要】：近年來外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)的建筑火災頻繁發(fā)生，造成嚴重的財產(chǎn)損失和人員傷亡，究其原因是保溫材料的選用不當所致。因此，提高建筑外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)的防火性能成為建筑行業(yè)關(guān)注的熱點問題，也成為迫切需要研究解決的關(guān)鍵所在。而外墻外保溫技術(shù)以其節(jié)能環(huán)保、施工方便等優(yōu)越性深受人們歡迎，因而，對外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)防火技術(shù)的研究具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義和廣闊的發(fā)展前景。 本文從如何選用建筑外墻外保溫材料這一懸而未決的難題入手，通過對三大類常用的保溫材料的優(yōu)劣對比分析得知：發(fā)泡類材料的保溫性能優(yōu)于硬質(zhì)類和軟質(zhì)類材料，其中以聚氨酯泡沫保溫板最佳，但其防火性能較差，為此本文對其阻燃性能進行深入研究，通過阻燃劑配方的優(yōu)化，以便能制得阻燃聚氨酯泡沫保溫材料，并利用錐形量熱儀對其燃燒性能進行實驗對比分析，實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)：與未進行阻燃的材料相比，阻燃聚氨酯泡沫保溫板的引燃時間(TTI)縮短了一倍，質(zhì)量損失速率(MLR)提前出現(xiàn)，且表面快速生成保護層，熱釋放速率(HRR)峰值降低至50%，發(fā)煙量減少1/2，一氧化碳生成率(COY)減少至30%，因而，延緩了燃燒，推遲了轟燃的出現(xiàn)，從而研究證明阻燃聚氨酯泡沫保溫板的抑煙性好，毒副性小，燃燒性能大大提高。 為了優(yōu)化建筑外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)構(gòu)造做法，使系統(tǒng)具有更好的抗火能力，本文還基于大尺寸模型窗口火試驗，通過對聚苯板薄抹灰外保溫系統(tǒng)和貼砌聚苯板外保溫系統(tǒng)進行對比試驗，得出：常用的聚苯板薄抹灰外保溫系統(tǒng)，由于未采用保護層和特殊構(gòu)造處理，基本不具備阻止火焰蔓延的能力，在試驗開始不足7min便出現(xiàn)了轟然；而貼砌聚苯板外保溫系統(tǒng)，采用了10mm厚的保護層、600mm×450mm的分倉構(gòu)造和無空腔構(gòu)造做法，受火后13min達到燃燒峰值，有效的阻止火焰的蔓延�？够鹦阅茱@著優(yōu)于聚苯板薄抹灰外保溫系統(tǒng)，說明建筑外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)當采用一定厚度的保護層、適當尺寸的分倉構(gòu)造和無空腔構(gòu)造做法后，可以使外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)具有更好的抗火性能。 本文通過結(jié)合工程實例分析，也驗證了上述結(jié)論的正確，充分表明采用經(jīng)過優(yōu)化后的建筑外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)，節(jié)能性和防火性更加優(yōu)越。該研究結(jié)果為今后建筑外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)的防火技術(shù)研究及實際工程應用提供了一定的理論依據(jù)和參考價值。
[Abstract]:In recent years, building fires of external insulation system of external wall occur frequently, resulting in serious property losses and casualties, which is caused by improper selection of insulation materials. Therefore, improving the fire resistance of the exterior insulation system becomes a hot issue in the construction industry, and it also becomes the key to be solved urgently. Because of its advantages such as energy saving, environmental protection and easy construction, the research on fire prevention technology of external insulation system of external wall has important practical significance and broad development prospect. This paper starts with the unresolved problem of how to select the external insulation material of building exterior wall, and through comparing and analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the three kinds of commonly used insulation materials, it is concluded that the thermal insulation performance of foamed materials is superior to that of hard and soft materials, and that the thermal insulation properties of foaming materials are better than those of hard and soft materials. The polyurethane foam insulation board is the best, but its fire resistance is poor. Therefore, the flame retardant property of polyurethane foam is studied in this paper, and the flame retardant formulation is optimized to make the flame retardant polyurethane foam insulation material. The experimental results show that the ignition time (TTI) of the flame retardant polyurethane foam insulation board is twice shorter than that of the non-flame retardant material, and the combustion performance of the flame retardant polyurethane foam insulation board is compared with that of the non-flame retardant material by a cone calorimeter. The mass loss rate (MLR) appeared earlier, and the surface formed a protective layer quickly. The peak value of heat release rate (HRR) was reduced to 50%, the amount of smoke was reduced by 1 / 2 / 2, and the carbon monoxide formation rate (COY) was reduced to 30%. Thus, the combustion was delayed. It was proved that the flame retardant polyurethane foam insulation board had good smoke suppression, little toxicity and greatly improved combustion performance. In order to optimize the construction method of exterior insulation system of building exterior wall and make the system have better fire resistance, this paper also based on the large scale model window fire test. By comparing the external thermal insulation system of polystyrene plastering with that of polystyrene plastering, it is concluded that the usual external insulation system for polystyrene plastering is not treated by protective layer and special structure. Not having the ability to prevent flame spreading basically, when the experiment began to be short of 7min, there was a bang; In the external insulation system of polystyrene plate, the thick protective layer of 10mm, the structure of 600mm 脳 450mm and the structure of no cavity were adopted. The 13min reached the peak value of combustion after fire, which effectively prevented the spread of flame. The fire resistance is obviously superior to that of the external insulation system of polystyrene plastering. It shows that when a certain thickness of protective layer, proper size of the silo structure and no cavity structure are adopted in the external insulation system of the external wall of the building, It can make the exterior wall insulation system have better fire resistance. Through the analysis of engineering examples, this paper also verifies the correctness of the above conclusions, and fully shows that the energy saving and fire resistance of the optimized exterior wall thermal insulation system are more superior. The results provide a theoretical basis and reference value for the future study of fire prevention technology and practical engineering application of external insulation system of external wall of building.
【學位授予單位】：西安科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU111.41;TU892
[Abstract]:In recent years, building fires of external insulation system of external wall occur frequently, resulting in serious property losses and casualties, which is caused by improper selection of insulation materials. Therefore, improving the fire resistance of the exterior insulation system becomes a hot issue in the construction industry, and it also becomes the key to be solved urgently. Because of its advantages such as energy saving, environmental protection and easy construction, the research on fire prevention technology of external insulation system of external wall has important practical significance and broad development prospect. This paper starts with the unresolved problem of how to select the external insulation material of building exterior wall, and through comparing and analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the three kinds of commonly used insulation materials, it is concluded that the thermal insulation performance of foamed materials is superior to that of hard and soft materials, and that the thermal insulation properties of foaming materials are better than those of hard and soft materials. The polyurethane foam insulation board is the best, but its fire resistance is poor. Therefore, the flame retardant property of polyurethane foam is studied in this paper, and the flame retardant formulation is optimized to make the flame retardant polyurethane foam insulation material. The experimental results show that the ignition time (TTI) of the flame retardant polyurethane foam insulation board is twice shorter than that of the non-flame retardant material, and the combustion performance of the flame retardant polyurethane foam insulation board is compared with that of the non-flame retardant material by a cone calorimeter. The mass loss rate (MLR) appeared earlier, and the surface formed a protective layer quickly. The peak value of heat release rate (HRR) was reduced to 50%, the amount of smoke was reduced by 1 / 2 / 2, and the carbon monoxide formation rate (COY) was reduced to 30%. Thus, the combustion was delayed. It was proved that the flame retardant polyurethane foam insulation board had good smoke suppression, little toxicity and greatly improved combustion performance. In order to optimize the construction method of exterior insulation system of building exterior wall and make the system have better fire resistance, this paper also based on the large scale model window fire test. By comparing the external thermal insulation system of polystyrene plastering with that of polystyrene plastering, it is concluded that the usual external insulation system for polystyrene plastering is not treated by protective layer and special structure. Not having the ability to prevent flame spreading basically, when the experiment began to be short of 7min, there was a bang; In the external insulation system of polystyrene plate, the thick protective layer of 10mm, the structure of 600mm 脳 450mm and the structure of no cavity were adopted. The 13min reached the peak value of combustion after fire, which effectively prevented the spread of flame. The fire resistance is obviously superior to that of the external insulation system of polystyrene plastering. It shows that when a certain thickness of protective layer, proper size of the silo structure and no cavity structure are adopted in the external insulation system of the external wall of the building, It can make the exterior wall insulation system have better fire resistance. Through the analysis of engineering examples, this paper also verifies the correctness of the above conclusions, and fully shows that the energy saving and fire resistance of the optimized exterior wall thermal insulation system are more superior. The results provide a theoretical basis and reference value for the future study of fire prevention technology and practical engineering application of external insulation system of external wall of building.
【學位授予單位】：西安科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU111.41;TU892
【參考文獻】
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