發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-21 13:37

【摘要】：本文在研究已有的建筑火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估方法的基礎(chǔ)上，提出了基于模糊算法的大空間商業(yè)建筑內(nèi)部區(qū)域火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的定量計(jì)算方法，并以此為基礎(chǔ)提出了大空間商業(yè)建筑消的消防分區(qū)控制策略。本文的研究成果可為有效落實(shí)消防規(guī)范、實(shí)現(xiàn)準(zhǔn)確的消防聯(lián)動控制提供科學(xué)依據(jù)，首次提出的計(jì)算方法和聯(lián)動控制策略具有創(chuàng)新性和較高的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。 火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估方法廣泛地用于建筑的防火性能分析。但已有的火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估方法具有一定的局限性，一方面其評估對象涉及面大，不但包含整棟建筑，還會考慮周邊環(huán)境以及附近的消防救援資源情況，因此建筑內(nèi)部區(qū)域的危險(xiǎn)度不能給出明確的結(jié)果；另一方面，火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估方法多為定性或半定量分析，結(jié)果不利于為消防聯(lián)動控制提供準(zhǔn)確依據(jù)。針對此問題，本文建立了一種全新的能夠?qū)ㄖ飪?nèi)部區(qū)域做定量分析的火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估方法。此方法是在古斯塔法法的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)建筑物的功能特征，重新定義與建筑物內(nèi)部不同區(qū)域的火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)度計(jì)算結(jié)果，此結(jié)果即為建筑物內(nèi)部區(qū)域火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估值，本為將其定義為消防分區(qū)系數(shù)。消防分區(qū)系數(shù)的計(jì)算過程即是對建筑物內(nèi)部區(qū)域進(jìn)行火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估的過程，通過消防分區(qū)系數(shù)評價(jià)體系能夠?qū)⒂?jì)算出的消防分區(qū)系數(shù)對應(yīng)到計(jì)算區(qū)域的耐火時(shí)間上，耐火時(shí)間對后續(xù)的消防分區(qū)控制策略有著非常重大的影響。 本文首次提出了消防分區(qū)的概念，消防分區(qū)是指在建筑物內(nèi)部劃分的消防電氣設(shè)備的最小控制單元。為了做最優(yōu)化的控制，在對建筑內(nèi)部劃分消防分區(qū)時(shí)應(yīng)盡量使每個(gè)消防分區(qū)的消防分區(qū)系數(shù)分布在相同的安全等級范圍內(nèi)。消防分區(qū)系數(shù)的安全等級與本區(qū)域的耐火時(shí)間相對應(yīng)，相同的耐火時(shí)間可以使消防分區(qū)的控制策略按照預(yù)定的時(shí)限和預(yù)定的步驟持續(xù)進(jìn)行下去。綜上所述，本文不但在理論研究上為消防電氣設(shè)備提供了實(shí)現(xiàn)分區(qū)控制的理論基礎(chǔ)，而且提出了完整的建筑物內(nèi)部區(qū)域火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估體系、定量分析的計(jì)算體系和后續(xù)的消防分區(qū)控制策略。本文提出的建筑物內(nèi)部區(qū)域火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)為建筑劃分消防分區(qū)提供科學(xué)可靠的理論依據(jù)，，為消防分區(qū)制訂合理的控制策略能夠優(yōu)化消防聯(lián)動控制�；谙婪謪^(qū)理論的消防聯(lián)動控制策略，能夠做到當(dāng)火災(zāi)發(fā)生時(shí)，為大空間商業(yè)建筑內(nèi)的人員提供良好的疏散環(huán)境，減少人員的傷亡和財(cái)產(chǎn)的損失。
[Abstract]:On the basis of studying the existing methods of building fire risk assessment, this paper presents a quantitative calculation method of fire risk in large space commercial buildings based on fuzzy algorithm. On the basis of this, the paper puts forward the fire control strategy of large space commercial buildings. The research results in this paper can provide scientific basis for the effective implementation of fire control code and the realization of accurate fire control. The calculation method and linkage control strategy proposed for the first time have innovative and higher application value. The fire risk assessment method is widely used to analyze the fire resistance of buildings. However, the existing fire risk assessment methods have some limitations. On the one hand, their assessment targets are very large, including not only the whole building, but also the surrounding environment and the nearby fire rescue resources. Therefore, the risk degree of the interior area of the building can not give a clear result; On the other hand, most fire risk assessment methods are qualitative or semi-quantitative, the results are not conducive to provide accurate basis for fire control. In order to solve this problem, a new fire risk assessment method is proposed, which can be used to quantitatively analyze the interior area of a building. This method is based on the Gusta method, according to the function characteristics of the building, redefines the calculation result of fire risk degree of different areas inside the building, and the result is the fire risk assessment value of the building interior area. This is defined as the fire partition coefficient. The calculation process of the fire zone coefficient is the process of fire risk assessment in the building interior area. Through the fire division coefficient evaluation system, the calculated fire partition coefficient can be corresponding to the fire resistance time of the calculated area. The fire-resistant time has a great influence on the subsequent fire control strategy. In this paper, the concept of fire protection partition is put forward for the first time, which refers to the minimum control unit of fire fighting electrical equipment divided within the building. In order to make the optimal control, the partition coefficient of each fire zone should be distributed in the same safety grade range when dividing the fire zone inside the building. The safety grade of the fire zone coefficient corresponds to the fire resistance time of the region, and the same fire resistance time can make the control strategy of the fire zone continue according to the predetermined time limit and the predetermined steps. To sum up, this paper not only provides a theoretical basis for the implementation of zoning control for fire protection electrical equipment, but also puts forward a complete fire risk assessment system in the building interior. Quantitative analysis of the calculation system and subsequent fire control strategy. In this paper, the fire risk in the building interior area provides a scientific and reliable theoretical basis for the division of fire protection in the building, and the formulation of reasonable control strategy for the fire protection zone can optimize the fire control system. The fire control strategy based on the fire zoning theory can provide a good evacuation environment for the people in the large space commercial buildings when the fire occurs, and reduce the casualties and property losses.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU892

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