【摘要】：我國是世界煤炭第一生產(chǎn)大國和第一使用大國,煤礦生產(chǎn)安全得不到切實保障的問題一直受到全社會的廣泛關(guān)注。盡管我國大中型煤礦普遍安裝了煤礦安全監(jiān)控系統(tǒng),但仍無法掌握井下人員可靠位置信息并實施有效監(jiān)控,嚴(yán)重限制了事故后搶險救災(zāi)的效率,喪失了搶險救災(zāi)的最佳時機(jī)。目前煤礦企業(yè)廣泛使用的RFID定位系統(tǒng)存在只能考勤而不能精確定位的缺陷,遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)滿足不了煤礦安全的要求。 ZigBee技術(shù)作為一種新興的低功耗、低成本、抗干擾、自組織性強(qiáng)的短距離無線通信技術(shù),在無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)方面的應(yīng)用引起了廣泛的關(guān)注。因此,文章研究并設(shè)計了一種基于ZigBee無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的井下人員實時定位系統(tǒng),該系統(tǒng)通過無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)對攜帶傳感器節(jié)點的礦工進(jìn)行定位,不僅實現(xiàn)了井下人員的考勤管理,還能對井下人員進(jìn)行實時定位,有效提高了煤礦安全生產(chǎn)監(jiān)控水平和救災(zāi)效率,切實保障員工的生命安全。 文章結(jié)合煤礦井下的實際環(huán)境,對目前流行的無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)定位算法進(jìn)行了充分的研究,通過綜合論證,選擇了基于RSSI的無線定位算法,并推導(dǎo)出其信號傳輸衰減的數(shù)學(xué)模型。提出了定位系統(tǒng)的總體設(shè)計方案,進(jìn)行了硬件設(shè)計,開發(fā)了系統(tǒng)軟件,結(jié)合井下環(huán)境特點,將井下定位網(wǎng)絡(luò)分為多個定位子網(wǎng)絡(luò),選用簇狀網(wǎng)絡(luò)將其連接,并對系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸線路、節(jié)點布署方式、本安電路設(shè)計、井下定位子系統(tǒng)的組成進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的論證和設(shè)計,重點設(shè)計了基于CC2430/2431的無線傳感器節(jié)點。在此基礎(chǔ)上,利用IAR EW8051軟件對Z-Stack協(xié)議棧進(jìn)行軟件開發(fā),實現(xiàn)了定位網(wǎng)關(guān)、參考節(jié)點、移動節(jié)點的組網(wǎng)和定位功能。 文章最后搭建了一個小型的定位網(wǎng)絡(luò),在與巷道環(huán)境較為相近的樓宇走廊進(jìn)行實驗,通過數(shù)據(jù)擬合得到較為理想的定位參數(shù),進(jìn)行了三種不同條件下的定位實驗,通過上位機(jī)定位監(jiān)視軟件對定位效果比較和分析,結(jié)果證明定位效果能夠滿足要求,驗證了基于RSSI的定位方法在井下應(yīng)用的合理性與可行性。
[Abstract]:China is the world's largest coal production country and the first use of large countries, coal production safety can not be effectively guaranteed by the whole society has been widely concerned about the problem. Although coal mine safety monitoring system is generally installed in large and medium-sized coal mines in China, it is still unable to grasp reliable location information of underground personnel and implement effective monitoring, which seriously limits the efficiency of rescue and relief after an accident and loses the best opportunity for rescue and relief. At present, the RFID positioning system which is widely used in coal mining enterprises has the defect that only attendance can not be accurately located, which can not meet the requirements of coal mine safety. As a new short range wireless communication technology with low power consumption, low cost, anti-interference and strong self-organization, ZigBee technology has attracted wide attention in wireless sensor networks. Therefore, this paper studies and designs a real-time location system for underground workers based on ZigBee wireless sensor network, which can locate miners carrying sensor nodes through wireless sensor network. It not only realizes the attendance management of underground personnel, but also can locate the underground personnel in real time, effectively improves the level of mine safety production monitoring and disaster relief efficiency, and effectively guarantees the life safety of employees. Combined with the actual environment of underground coal mine, this paper makes a full research on the popular wireless sensor network localization algorithm, and selects the wireless location algorithm based on RSSI through comprehensive demonstration. The mathematical model of signal attenuation is deduced. This paper puts forward the overall design scheme of the positioning system, designs the hardware, develops the system software, divides the downhole positioning network into several positioning sub-networks, and selects the cluster network to connect it. The data transmission line, node layout mode, intrinsically safe circuit design and the composition of downhole positioning subsystem are demonstrated and designed in detail, and the wireless sensor nodes based on CC2430/2431 are mainly designed. On this basis, the IAR EW8051 software is used to develop the Z-Stack protocol stack, and the networking and location functions of the location gateway, reference node and mobile node are realized. At the end of the paper, a small location network is set up, and the experiment is carried out in the building corridor which is close to the roadway environment. The ideal positioning parameters are obtained by fitting the data, and the positioning experiments under three different conditions are carried out. The results show that the positioning effect can meet the requirements, and verify the rationality and feasibility of the positioning method based on RSSI.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TD76;TN929.5;TP212.9

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