【摘要】：隨著我國經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展和人民生活水平的不斷改善，工業(yè)用電和家庭用電量逐年增加，各類電氣設(shè)備、電器產(chǎn)品在生活和生產(chǎn)中被廣泛的應(yīng)用，在給人們生活和社會生產(chǎn)帶來極大方便的同時也留下了安全隱患。在我國的火災(zāi)中，電氣火災(zāi)一直是引發(fā)火災(zāi)并造成重大傷亡的主要原因。而在電氣火災(zāi)中，電氣線路是最主要的起火源，所占比例高達60%以上�，F(xiàn)在的低壓配電系統(tǒng)中大多采用三相五線制，中性線在這種配電方式中的作用非常重要，但也常常被人們所忽視，由中性線過載引起的火災(zāi)也時有發(fā)生，所以對中性線導致火災(zāi)事故發(fā)生的研究勢在必行。 通過文獻分析和實際調(diào)查得知，中性線引發(fā)火災(zāi)事故主要通過兩種途徑，一種是中性線長期過載導致中性線絕緣層老化，最后使得絕緣層燃燒引發(fā)火災(zāi)；第二種是，中性線過故障使中性線開路，導致三相電嚴重不平衡，燒毀電氣設(shè)備引發(fā)火災(zāi)。中性線過載是導致電氣火災(zāi)的的主要原因，通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)中性線過載的原因是三相不平衡和電路中大量的諧波電流。 對當代電氣設(shè)備故障的紅外檢測的方法進行了歸納概括。對影響電氣紅外檢測的因素進行了分析。電氣設(shè)備紅外診斷方法主要有溫度判斷法、相對溫差法、同類比較法、檔案分析法這四種。經(jīng)過分析，最適合商場中性線紅外檢測的方法是相對溫差法，該方法比較實用而且誤差小。 采用紅外線測溫儀和鉗形電流表對商場的中性線進行了檢測，，主要測定了三相線和中性線的溫度與電流大小。對測得數(shù)據(jù)進行了分析，算出電路的三相不平衡度和中性線的相對溫差，對所測中性線導致火災(zāi)的風險大小進行了評估。 對商場進行調(diào)查，找出了導致中性線過載的原因。根據(jù)大型綜合商場的特點，從安全技術(shù)、教育和管理三方面提出防治中性線導致電氣火災(zāi)的建議措施。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and the improvement of people's living standard, industrial and household electricity consumption is increasing year by year. All kinds of electrical equipment and electrical products are widely used in daily life and production. While bringing great convenience to people's life and social production, it also leaves a hidden danger of safety. Electrical fire is the main cause of fire and heavy casualties in China. In electric fire, electrical line is the main source of fire, accounting for more than 60%. Nowadays, most of the low-voltage distribution systems use three-phase five-wire system. The role of neutral line in this mode of distribution is very important, but it is often ignored by people, and fires caused by overload of neutral line also occur from time to time. So it is imperative to study the fire accident caused by neutral line. Through literature analysis and actual investigation, it is found that fire accidents caused by neutral wire are mainly through two ways, one is that the long term overload of neutral line leads to the aging of insulation layer of neutral wire, and finally, the burning of insulation layer causes fire. The second is that the fault of the neutral line causes the neutral line to open the circuit, which leads to the serious imbalance of the three-phase electricity and the fire caused by the burnout of the electrical equipment. Neutral line overload is the main cause of electrical fire. It is found that the cause of neutral line overload is three-phase imbalance and a large number of harmonic currents in the circuit. The infrared detection method of modern electrical equipment fault is summarized. The factors influencing the electrical infrared detection are analyzed. There are four methods for infrared diagnosis of electrical equipment: temperature judgment method, relative temperature difference method, similar comparison method and file analysis method. Through analysis, the method of relative temperature difference is the most suitable method for infrared detection of neutral line in shopping mall. This method is practical and has small error. Infrared thermometer and clamp ammeter are used to detect the neutral line of the shopping mall, and the temperature and current of the three-phase line and neutral line are mainly measured. The measured data are analyzed and the three-phase unbalance degree and the relative temperature difference of neutral line are calculated. The risk of fire caused by the measured neutral line is evaluated. Investigation of the shopping mall to find out the cause of the neutral line overload. According to the characteristics of large comprehensive shopping mall, the paper puts forward some measures to prevent and cure electric fire caused by neutral line from three aspects of safety technology, education and management.
【學位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學（北京）
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：X932

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