【摘要】：可燃?xì)怏w的爆炸是我國工業(yè)生產(chǎn)行業(yè)中爆炸危害頻發(fā)的主要事故之一，其中尤以煤礦瓦斯爆炸事故最為常見，極大損害了勞動(dòng)人民的生命和財(cái)產(chǎn)安全，爆炸的頻發(fā)與嚴(yán)重后果使受害群眾身體和心理上都蒙受巨大陰影。因此，研究管道內(nèi)氣體爆炸火焰?zhèn)鞑ヌ匦约捌錂C(jī)理將能使企業(yè)更好地預(yù)防和控制管道內(nèi)氣體爆炸災(zāi)害的發(fā)生和發(fā)展。近年來，對(duì)氣體爆炸火焰?zhèn)鞑ミ^程的研究越來越受到人們的重視，研究?jī)?nèi)容也更加廣泛。 本論文利用中北大學(xué)防火防爆安全工程技術(shù)研究中心自制的透明管道氣體爆炸測(cè)試裝置，采用高速攝像技術(shù)測(cè)試氣體爆炸過程火焰?zhèn)鞑サ那闆r，對(duì)常溫、常壓下甲烷空氣混合氣體的燃燒爆炸過程進(jìn)行了一定的試驗(yàn)研究，得出相關(guān)結(jié)論如下： (1)建立了可燃?xì)怏w爆炸火焰的微觀試驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)，利用高速攝像機(jī)測(cè)定了甲烷爆炸火焰在水平管道中動(dòng)態(tài)的微觀傳播過程，用MATLAB軟件編寫程序計(jì)算出火焰陣面即時(shí)傳播速度。 (2)試驗(yàn)研究了管道內(nèi)甲烷濃度在7%-13%范圍內(nèi)變化時(shí)火焰的出現(xiàn)、結(jié)束以及持續(xù)時(shí)間等傳播情況，分析了甲烷在不同濃度下的火焰?zhèn)鞑ニ俣�、火焰微觀結(jié)構(gòu)，得到其影響規(guī)律。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，，甲烷濃度在7-8%之間時(shí)速度沒有明顯變化，最大時(shí)約70m/s，增加濃度后火焰速度迅速上升，當(dāng)量濃度時(shí)最大速度約130-140m/s，之后火焰速度開始減慢，在12%時(shí)略有回升，整體呈下降趨勢(shì)。當(dāng)量濃度下甲烷火焰出現(xiàn)時(shí)間在點(diǎn)火后32ms處，火焰?zhèn)鞑ズ芸�，持續(xù)時(shí)間較短，約30ms�；鹧娉霈F(xiàn)時(shí)，以均勻的類球面向前傳播，之后規(guī)則形狀終止，轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楣鼙诜较蚍謩e加速，火焰面傾斜變形，50ms時(shí)最終生成郁金香狀火焰；8%濃度和12%濃度的甲烷火焰出現(xiàn)時(shí)間均超過100ms，持續(xù)時(shí)間略長(zhǎng)，分別為60和80ms�；鹧嫘螤畹淖兓c當(dāng)量濃度時(shí)類似。 (3)試驗(yàn)研究了1.3m、2.3m、3.3m三個(gè)不同管道長(zhǎng)度時(shí)火焰?zhèn)鞑ヌ匦�，分析不同管道長(zhǎng)度時(shí)火焰?zhèn)鞑ニ俣�、火焰結(jié)構(gòu)的變化規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明，火焰?zhèn)鞑ナ芄荛L(zhǎng)的影響較大，表現(xiàn)為管長(zhǎng)從1.3增加至2.3m時(shí)，爆炸更為劇烈，爆炸聲更響亮，火焰亮度更強(qiáng)，火焰陣面扭曲變化激烈，火焰?zhèn)鞑ニ俣容^短管中也增大；而繼續(xù)增加管道長(zhǎng)度至3.3m，所有濃度的甲烷均未發(fā)生爆炸，只有10%濃度時(shí)有微弱燃燒現(xiàn)象。加長(zhǎng)管道后，火焰出現(xiàn)時(shí)間提前到早于80ms，持續(xù)時(shí)間約80ms。
[Abstract]:The explosion of combustible gas is one of the most frequent accidents in industrial production in China, especially in coal mine, which greatly damages the life and property safety of the laboring people. The frequent and severe consequences of the explosion have greatly overshadowed the victims, both physically and psychologically. Therefore, studying the characteristics and mechanism of gas explosion flame propagation in pipeline will enable enterprises to better prevent and control the occurrence and development of gas explosion disaster in pipeline. In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the flame propagation process of gas explosion. In this paper, the flame propagation in the process of gas explosion is measured by using the self-made transparent pipeline gas explosion test device made by the fire and explosion safety engineering research center of Central North University, and the flame propagation during the gas explosion process is measured by high speed camera technology. The combustion and explosion process of methane air mixture under atmospheric pressure has been studied, and the relevant conclusions are as follows: (1) the micro test system of combustible gas explosion flame is established. The microcosmic propagation process of methane explosion flame in horizontal pipe was measured by high speed video camera. The real time propagation velocity of flame front was calculated by MATLAB software. (2) the appearance, end and duration of flame in the range of 7% to 13% of methane concentration in the pipeline were studied, and the flame propagation velocity and flame microstructure of methane at different concentrations were analyzed. The law of influence is obtained. The results showed that there was no significant change in the velocity of methane between 7-8%, the maximum concentration was about 70 m / s, the flame velocity increased rapidly after increasing the concentration, the maximum velocity at the equivalent concentration was about 130 ~ 140 m / s, and then the flame velocity began to slow down. At 12, a slight rise, the overall downward trend. When the methane flame appears at the 32ms after ignition at the equivalent concentration, the flame propagates quickly and the duration is shorter, about 30 Ms. When the flame appears, it propagates forward with a uniform spherical surface, then the regular shape terminates and changes into the tube wall direction to accelerate separately, the flame surface is inclined to deform, and finally the tulip flame is formed during 50ms. The emergence time of methane flame at 8% concentration and 12% concentration was more than 100 msand lasted a little longer (60 and 80 msrespectively). The change of flame shape is similar to that of equivalent concentration. (3) the flame propagation characteristics of three different pipe lengths of 1.3mL 2.3mand 3.3m have been studied, and the flame propagation velocity and flame structure have been analyzed. The results show that the flame propagation is greatly influenced by the tube length. When the tube length increases from 1.3 to 2.3 m, the explosion is more intense, the sound of the explosion is louder, the flame brightness is stronger, and the distortion of the flame front is intense. The flame propagation velocity also increases in the short tube. However, when the length of the pipe was increased to 3.3 m, no explosion occurred in all concentrations of methane, and only 10% of the concentration had a weak combustion phenomenon. The flame appears earlier than 80 Ms and lasts about 80 Ms after the lengthening of the pipe.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：X932

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