【摘要】：核能與其他能源相比具有明顯的比較優(yōu)勢,被很多人視為解決全球氣候變暖和能源安全問題的替代方案。在我國能源中長期戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃中,核能也扮演著重要的角色。公眾對核能的態(tài)度和接受度是影響核能發(fā)展的一個(gè)重要因素。因此,本文從歷史的角度,對相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行了梳理與分析,整理出了公眾對核能接受度的歷史演進(jìn),并分別從人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)變量,與核設(shè)施距離,風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與收益比較,社會階層區(qū)別,核知識科普,核事故等方面歸納分析了影響公眾對核能接受度的主要因素。人口統(tǒng)計(jì)變量中,性別是比較明顯的因素。男性多把核能視為一個(gè)科技話題,對核能的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知較低,接受度較高,女性相反。公眾接受度與公眾距核電站的距離呈現(xiàn)兩邊高,中間低的趨勢。距離核電站較近的區(qū)域可能受益于核電發(fā)展帶來的經(jīng)濟(jì)補(bǔ)償,接受度相對較高,遠(yuǎn)距離的人們由于離核電站影響較遠(yuǎn),也接受度較高。那些處于可能受到核電站影響區(qū)域,但是又不在經(jīng)濟(jì)補(bǔ)償范圍內(nèi)的接受度最低。人們對核電的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和收益平衡是影響人們接受度的重要因素。社會精英和高教育水平的人們對核能的接受度相對較高。核知識科普可以增加人們關(guān)于核能的知識,但是現(xiàn)在沒有顯著的證據(jù)表明可以有效的影響到人們對核能的接受度。核事故是影響公眾對核能接受度的最顯著因素。核事故發(fā)生之后,公眾對核能的接受度會大大降低,雖然隨著時(shí)間推進(jìn)會慢慢恢復(fù),但是歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明,很難恢復(fù)到事故之前的狀態(tài)。當(dāng)把核電與全球氣候變化,能源安全,環(huán)境保護(hù)等主題放在一起討論的時(shí)候,人們對核電的普遍態(tài)度是"不情愿的接受"。
[Abstract]:Nuclear power has a clear comparative advantage over other sources of energy and is seen by many as an alternative to global climate change and energy security. Nuclear energy also plays an important role in the long-term strategic planning of energy in China. Public attitude and acceptance of nuclear energy is an important factor affecting the development of nuclear energy. Therefore, from the historical point of view, this paper combs and analyzes the relevant literature, collates the historical evolution of public acceptance of nuclear energy, and compares the demographic variables, distance from nuclear facilities, risks and benefits, respectively. The main factors influencing public acceptance of nuclear energy are summarized and analyzed in social class distinction, popularization of nuclear knowledge, nuclear accident and so on. Sex is the most obvious factor in demographic variables. Men tend to view nuclear energy as a technology topic, with a lower risk perception and higher acceptance of nuclear energy than women. The public acceptance and distance from the nuclear power station are high and low. The area closer to the nuclear power station may benefit from the economic compensation brought by the development of nuclear power. The acceptance degree is relatively high, and the people at a long distance are also more receptive because of the influence of the nuclear power plant. Those who are likely to be affected by nuclear power plants, but not within the scope of economic compensation for the lowest acceptance. The balance of risks and benefits of nuclear power is an important factor affecting people's acceptance. Social elites and highly educated people are relatively more receptive to nuclear energy. The spread of nuclear science can increase people's knowledge of nuclear energy, but there is no clear evidence that it can effectively affect people's acceptance of nuclear energy. A nuclear accident is the most significant factor affecting public acceptance of nuclear energy. After a nuclear accident, the public's acceptance of nuclear energy will be greatly reduced, although over time will slowly recover, but historical experience shows that it is difficult to recover to the state before the accident. When nuclear power is discussed with topics such as global climate change, energy security, and environmental protection, the prevailing attitude towards nuclear power is "reluctantly accepted."
【作者單位】： 四川大學(xué)-香港理工大學(xué)災(zāi)后重建與管理學(xué)院;
【基金】：四川大學(xué)引進(jìn)人才科研啟動(dòng)經(jīng)費(fèi)(編號:YJ201505)
【分類號】：D647;TL7

【共引文獻(xiàn)】

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本文編號：2328686