【摘要】：隨著人類社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,災(zāi)害的發(fā)生頻率、強(qiáng)度以及災(zāi)害造成的損失日益增加,傳統(tǒng)的單一災(zāi)種的防災(zāi)減災(zāi)工作體系已不能滿足當(dāng)前防災(zāi)減災(zāi)工作的需要。綜合防災(zāi)減災(zāi)作為一種社會(huì)性系統(tǒng)工程,由于其面向多種災(zāi)害和災(zāi)害鏈,充分考慮各災(zāi)害之間的自然關(guān)系,采取多種工程性與非工程性減災(zāi)措施進(jìn)行防災(zāi)減災(zāi),可以最大程度地發(fā)揮社會(huì)減災(zāi)能力的聯(lián)合作用,最大限度地減輕災(zāi)害損失與影響,已成為災(zāi)害管理的熱點(diǎn)研究問(wèn)題。重慶市自直轄以來(lái),防災(zāi)減災(zāi)工作已取得顯著成效。 本文基于地球系統(tǒng)科學(xué)思想,深入分析重慶市市情、災(zāi)情以及防災(zāi)減災(zāi)工作現(xiàn)狀,重點(diǎn)分析重慶市的災(zāi)害特征與防災(zāi)減災(zāi)工作取得的成就與存在的問(wèn)題,尤其對(duì)重慶市防災(zāi)減災(zāi)工作中存在的問(wèn)題予以深度剖析；立足重慶市市情、災(zāi)情,對(duì)現(xiàn)有資源進(jìn)行整合、對(duì)不足與問(wèn)題予以完善和修正,從管理體制、運(yùn)行機(jī)制、監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)報(bào)預(yù)警體系、災(zāi)害防治體系、災(zāi)害應(yīng)急救援救助和災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建體系等綜合防災(zāi)減災(zāi)系統(tǒng)性工程的各方面各環(huán)節(jié)進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建。并提出了重慶市綜合防災(zāi)減災(zāi)工作體系建設(shè)的重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目。 (1)綜合防災(zāi)減災(zāi)管理體制。災(zāi)害管理貫穿于綜合防災(zāi)減災(zāi)全過(guò)程,管理體制的完善與否直接關(guān)系到防災(zāi)減災(zāi)工作效率的高低。本文首先對(duì)現(xiàn)有防災(zāi)減災(zāi)管理體制進(jìn)行修正與完善：設(shè)立重慶市綜合防災(zāi)減災(zāi)委員會(huì)作為重慶市綜合防災(zāi)減災(zāi)工作的統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)機(jī)構(gòu),以重慶市綜合防災(zāi)減災(zāi)辦公室作為防災(zāi)減災(zāi)委員會(huì)的日常辦事機(jī)構(gòu)及統(tǒng)一協(xié)調(diào)指揮機(jī)構(gòu),建立綜合災(zāi)害信息數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),為重慶市所有災(zāi)害管理部門提供信息。重慶市防災(zāi)減災(zāi)委員會(huì)下設(shè)重慶市綜合災(zāi)害防治指揮部、綜合災(zāi)害應(yīng)急處置指揮部、綜合災(zāi)害恢復(fù)重建指揮部和綜合防災(zāi)減災(zāi)保障工作統(tǒng)一指揮部,簡(jiǎn)稱四大指揮部,四大指揮部作為重慶市綜合防災(zāi)減災(zāi)工作的具體實(shí)施機(jī)構(gòu)在防災(zāi)減災(zāi)委員會(huì)(辦公室)的統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下保持聯(lián)系緊密,信息共享,共同致力于重慶市綜合防災(zāi)減災(zāi)工作。四大指揮部下設(shè)子機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)防災(zāi)減災(zāi)各環(huán)節(jié)予以具體實(shí)施(綜合災(zāi)害應(yīng)急處置指揮部下設(shè)應(yīng)急聯(lián)動(dòng)中心,災(zāi)害發(fā)生時(shí)各部門無(wú)條件配合應(yīng)急聯(lián)動(dòng)中心的調(diào)動(dòng))。各區(qū)縣(自治縣)政府、開發(fā)區(qū)管委會(huì)、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)(街道)和有條件的村(社區(qū))均應(yīng)根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)貫?zāi)情參照市級(jí)綜合防災(zāi)減災(zāi)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)組織體系建立當(dāng)?shù)鼐C合防災(zāi)減災(zāi)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)組織體系。 (2)高效聯(lián)動(dòng)的運(yùn)行機(jī)制。根據(jù)重慶市市情和災(zāi)情,制定定期排查—實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)—信息管理與共享—風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析與鏈性分析—災(zāi)害防治(救援—災(zāi)后重建)—信息管理與共享的高效聯(lián)動(dòng)的運(yùn)行機(jī)制。 (3)綜合災(zāi)害監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)報(bào)預(yù)警體系。在現(xiàn)有災(zāi)害監(jiān)測(cè)網(wǎng)基礎(chǔ)上增加企事業(yè)單位災(zāi)情速報(bào)點(diǎn)、民居災(zāi)情速報(bào)點(diǎn)和環(huán)境災(zāi)害監(jiān)測(cè)網(wǎng)；以氣象災(zāi)害監(jiān)測(cè)為依托(氣象災(zāi)害信息實(shí)時(shí)傳輸予各災(zāi)害監(jiān)測(cè)網(wǎng)),實(shí)現(xiàn)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害與洪澇災(zāi)害的綜合監(jiān)測(cè)、農(nóng)業(yè)災(zāi)害、林業(yè)災(zāi)害及生物災(zāi)害綜合監(jiān)測(cè)、人為災(zāi)害綜合監(jiān)測(cè)、環(huán)境災(zāi)害綜合監(jiān)測(cè),根據(jù)綜合信息進(jìn)行災(zāi)害監(jiān)測(cè)與災(zāi)害防治的相關(guān)調(diào)整。 (4)綜合災(zāi)害防治體系。對(duì)關(guān)聯(lián)度大的不同災(zāi)害實(shí)施統(tǒng)一、綜合防治。 (5)綜合災(zāi)害應(yīng)急救援救助。災(zāi)害發(fā)生地綜合災(zāi)害應(yīng)急處置指揮部與駐地應(yīng)急聯(lián)動(dòng)中心及時(shí)處置,并及時(shí)上報(bào)。 (6)災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建。災(zāi)害發(fā)生地綜合災(zāi)害恢復(fù)重建指揮部為主要負(fù)責(zé)部門,市綜合災(zāi)害恢復(fù)重建指揮部予以全程指導(dǎo)和監(jiān)督,市綜合防災(zāi)減災(zāi)保障工作統(tǒng)一指揮部協(xié)助當(dāng)?shù)鼐C合防災(zāi)減災(zāi)保障工作統(tǒng)一指揮部全面負(fù)責(zé)災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建的保障工作。 (7)綜合防災(zāi)減災(zāi)保障體系。綜合防災(zāi)減災(zāi)保障工作統(tǒng)一指揮部聯(lián)合各相關(guān)部門全面負(fù)責(zé)法規(guī)、預(yù)案、人力、資金、技術(shù)、物資、宣傳等防災(zāi)減災(zāi)相關(guān)保障工作。 (8)重慶市綜合防災(zāi)減災(zāi)工作體系建設(shè)的重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目。綜合災(zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)調(diào)查與評(píng)估工程、應(yīng)急聯(lián)動(dòng)中心建設(shè)、物資儲(chǔ)備庫(kù)和應(yīng)急避難場(chǎng)所建設(shè)、災(zāi)害模擬與仿真系統(tǒng)建設(shè)、綜合防災(zāi)減災(zāi)宣傳教育試點(diǎn)研究和綜合防災(zāi)減災(zāi)示范社區(qū)建設(shè)工程等六大項(xiàng)目是重慶市綜合防災(zāi)減災(zāi)工作體系建設(shè)的重要環(huán)節(jié),要求質(zhì)與量的絕對(duì)保障。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of human society economy, the frequency and intensity of disasters and the damage caused by disasters are increasing, and the traditional disaster prevention and mitigation work system of single disaster can not meet the needs of the current disaster prevention and mitigation work. As a kind of social system engineering, comprehensive disaster prevention and reduction is a kind of social system engineering, because it faces many disasters and disasters chain, takes full consideration of the natural relation between disasters, takes a variety of engineering and non-engineering disaster reduction measures for disaster prevention and mitigation, The joint role of social disaster reduction capability can be exerted to the greatest extent, the disaster loss and influence can be reduced to the greatest extent, and the problem of hot research on disaster management has become a hot topic of disaster management. Since its direct administration in Chongqing, disaster prevention and mitigation has achieved remarkable results. Based on the scientific thought of the earth system, this paper deeply analyzes the situation of disaster, disaster and disaster prevention and reduction in Chongqing, and points out the achievements and existing achievements of disaster characteristics and disaster prevention and mitigation in Chongqing. The problems, especially the problems existing in disaster prevention and mitigation in Chongqing, are analyzed in depth; based on Chongqing city situation and disaster situation, the existing resources are fully integrated, the deficiency and problems are improved and revised, and the management system, operating mechanism, monitoring and forecasting early warning system and disaster prevention and control system are taken from the aspects of management system, operation mechanism, monitoring and forecasting system and disaster prevention and control system. System, disaster emergency rescue and disaster recovery reconstruction system and other integrated disaster prevention and disaster reduction system, and all aspects of the system The construction of the comprehensive disaster prevention and disaster reduction work system in Chongqing is put forward. Project. (1) Comprehensive disaster prevention and reduction Disaster management is through the whole process of comprehensive disaster prevention and reduction, the improvement of management system is directly related to disaster prevention and reduction work The paper firstly revises and perfects the existing disaster prevention and reduction management system: the establishment of Chongqing Integrated Disaster Prevention and Reduction Committee as the system of comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation in Chongqing A leading agency, with the comprehensive disaster prevention and reduction office of Chongqing as the daily office of the disaster prevention and mitigation committee and the unified coordinating command agency, set up a comprehensive disaster information database, which is the disaster management department in Chongqing The disaster prevention and mitigation committee of Chongqing has set up the integrated disaster prevention and control headquarters of Chongqing, the comprehensive disaster emergency disposal command, the comprehensive disaster recovery reconstruction headquarters and the integrated disaster prevention and disaster reduction protection work unified command. The four headquarters, the four headquarters, serve as the concrete implementing agencies of the comprehensive disaster prevention and reduction work in Chongqing, maintain close contact and information sharing under the unified leadership of the Disaster Prevention and Disaster Reduction Committee (Office), and jointly commit to the comprehensive prevention and reduction of Chongqing Disaster reduction and disaster reduction work. The sub-agencies under the four headquarters are responsible for the implementation of each link of disaster prevention and reduction (the Integrated Disaster Emergency Treatment Command has an emergency linkage center, and all departments shall cooperate unconditionally in the emergency linkage at the time of occurrence of disasters) All counties (autonomous counties), counties, towns (streets) and conditional villages (communities) shall, on the basis of local disasters, establish local comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation collar according to the local disaster situation and the municipal comprehensive disaster prevention and disaster reduction leading organization system Guide tissue system. (2) High In accordance with the situation and situation of Chongqing Municipality, the author establishes the high-level information management and shared high-level information management and sharing of the real-time monitoring and management system information management and sharing risk management and the chain analysis according to the city situation and the disaster situation in Chongqing. Operational mechanism of efficiency linkage. (3) ensemble An early warning system for disaster monitoring and forecasting is built on the basis of the existing disaster monitoring system, and the disaster quick report points of enterprises and institutions are added on the basis of the existing disasters, and the disaster recovery points and the environmental disaster information of the residential areas are reported; the meteorological disaster monitoring is based on the meteorological disaster information (real-time transmission of meteorological disaster information to the disaster victims) so as to realize the geological disaster. Comprehensive monitoring of disaster and flood disaster, agricultural disaster, forestry disaster and biological disaster comprehensive monitoring, man-made disaster comprehensive monitoring, environmental disaster comprehensive monitoring, disaster monitoring according to comprehensive information Relevant adjustments to the prevention and control of disasters. (4) Comprehensive disaster prevention and control system. Unified and comprehensive prevention and control of different disasters. (5) Comprehensive disaster emergency rescue and rescue. Integrated disaster emergency disposal command and office in the place where disasters occur Local emergency linkage center in time Set up and report in time. (6) Post-disaster recovery and reconstruction. The disaster site comprehensive disaster recovery and reconstruction headquarters is the main responsible department and city The Comprehensive Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction Command shall provide overall guidance and supervision to the integrated disaster prevention and disaster reduction and disaster reduction and disaster reduction and disaster reduction and disaster reduction and disaster reduction and disaster reduction and disaster reduction and disaster reduction and disaster reduction and protection work of the local area The unified command is fully responsible for the recovery of the disaster after the disaster Comprehensive disaster prevention and disaster reduction and reduction system. Comprehensive disaster prevention and disaster reduction and disaster reduction and reduction guarantee work unified command joint all relevant departments to take charge of regulations, preplan and manpower Relevant safeguards for disaster prevention and mitigation, such as funds, technology, materials and publicity. (8) Key projects for the construction of the comprehensive disaster prevention and reduction work system in Chongqing; the comprehensive disaster risk investigation and assessment project and the construction of the emergency linkage center; The six projects, such as the construction of material reserve and emergency shelter, the construction of disaster simulation and simulation system, the pilot study on comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation and the demonstration of comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation, and the construction project of comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation, are comprehensive in Chongqing.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：X4

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