【摘要】：隨著人類社會(huì)的發(fā)展與進(jìn)步，人們對自身的安全意識(shí)逐漸提高，但是在生活工作中又不得不經(jīng)常出入一些人員比較密集的場所，如會(huì)場、商場等等，人口密集場所極容易發(fā)生突發(fā)事件、群死群傷事故，往往造成人員的嚴(yán)重傷亡。因此，人口密集場所中人員的應(yīng)急疏散問題日益受到人們的關(guān)注，人員密集場所人群在發(fā)生突發(fā)事件時(shí)能夠安全、快速、有序地疏散，在短時(shí)間內(nèi)安全地疏散轉(zhuǎn)移高密集人群,實(shí)施科學(xué)的應(yīng)急疏散策略，是減少災(zāi)害(事故)后果嚴(yán)重性及傷亡的重要措施和手段。因此，對人口密集場所人員疏散進(jìn)行研究，具有十分重要的意義。 本文針對人口密集場所應(yīng)急疏散問題，在相關(guān)研究背景、研究現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上，通過對不同的人員安全疏散模型的研究，對疏散問題做出不同分析、描述，找出人員應(yīng)急疏散過程中的主要矛盾，解決應(yīng)急疏散問題的關(guān)鍵不是描述某個(gè)瞬時(shí)疏散人員群集的狀態(tài)，而是應(yīng)該能夠反映整個(gè)疏散過程，建立以安全疏散時(shí)間最短為目標(biāo)的最優(yōu)化模型。 首先對最優(yōu)化理論，群集流動(dòng)理論進(jìn)行介紹；然后介紹LINGO軟件的有關(guān)概念，在規(guī)劃模型求解中的應(yīng)用，同其他求解軟件進(jìn)行比較研究，LINGO系統(tǒng)在線性、非線性和整數(shù)規(guī)劃求解程序上的優(yōu)勢；接著對單層人員應(yīng)急疏散進(jìn)行分析，主要分為單出口和多出口兩個(gè)方面，單出口疏散是一切疏散研究的基礎(chǔ)，在此基礎(chǔ)上建立單層多出口應(yīng)急安全疏散模型，在建立模型過程中，考慮的每個(gè)疏散人員的安全，運(yùn)用了求整計(jì)算，在考慮整體人員疏散的同時(shí)，盡量保證疏散中個(gè)體的安全。再運(yùn)用LINGO軟件求解的基礎(chǔ)上，對求解結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析驗(yàn)證，優(yōu)化求解結(jié)果，把定量的結(jié)果進(jìn)行變量的轉(zhuǎn)換，，使結(jié)果更加符合實(shí)際情況需要；最后是對雙層多出口應(yīng)急疏散的研究，深入分析上下兩層疏散人員在進(jìn)行疏散時(shí)所需要的疏散時(shí)間問題，分別就其疏散時(shí)間的不同立建立兩個(gè)安全疏散模型，著眼于實(shí)際安全疏散情況的需要，選擇適合的疏散模型，通過相應(yīng)實(shí)例的驗(yàn)證，確定兩類安全疏散模型的可行性。為模型的實(shí)際應(yīng)用、制定應(yīng)急疏散方案提供依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:With the development and progress of human society, people's awareness of their own safety has been gradually improved, but in their daily life and work, they often have to go to and from places with relatively dense staff, such as venues, shopping malls, and so on. People in densely populated places are prone to sudden events, mass death and injuries, which often result in serious casualties. Therefore, people pay more and more attention to the emergency evacuation of people in densely populated places. People in densely populated places can safely, quickly and orderly evacuate, and safely evacuate and transfer high-density people in a short period of time. The implementation of scientific emergency evacuation strategy is an important measure and means to reduce the severity of disaster (accident) consequences and casualties. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the evacuation of people in densely populated places. In this paper, the emergency evacuation problem in densely populated areas is analyzed and described according to the background and current situation of the relevant research, through the study of different safety evacuation models. The key to solve the emergency evacuation problem is not to describe the state of an instantaneous evacuation group, but to reflect the whole evacuation process. An optimization model aiming at the shortest safe evacuation time is established. This paper first introduces the optimization theory and cluster flow theory, then introduces the related concepts of LINGO software, its application in programming model solving, and compares it with other solving software. The LINGO system is linear. The advantages of nonlinear and integer programming solutions, and then the analysis of single-level emergency evacuation, which is mainly divided into two aspects: single exit and multiple exits, and single exit evacuation is the basis of all evacuation research. On this basis, the single-layer multi-exit emergency evacuation model is established. In the process of establishing the model, the safety of each evacuee is calculated by using the integral calculation, and the individual safety in the evacuation is guaranteed at the same time as the whole evacuation is considered. On the basis of LINGO software, the solution results are analyzed and verified, the results are optimized, and the quantitative results are transformed into variables to make the results more in line with the actual situation. Finally, the study on the double-layer multi-exit emergency evacuation is carried out. This paper deeply analyzes the evacuation time of the upper and lower floor evacuees, establishes two safety evacuation models according to the different evacuation time, and selects the appropriate evacuation model according to the needs of the actual evacuation situation. The feasibility of two kinds of safety evacuation models is determined through the verification of corresponding examples. It provides the basis for the practical application of the model and the formulation of emergency evacuation plan.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：X913;D035.2

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