【摘要】：地下采場(chǎng)爆破后會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量的炮煙,炮煙中含有大量有毒有害氣體,如不及時(shí)排出,會(huì)引起炮煙中毒事故。因此爆破后必須對(duì)采場(chǎng)進(jìn)行通風(fēng),致采場(chǎng)炮煙全部被新鮮風(fēng)流替換,有毒有害氣體含量降到允許值后,才能進(jìn)行后續(xù)工作,工作人員才可進(jìn)入采場(chǎng)。傳統(tǒng)礦山通風(fēng)設(shè)計(jì)一般根據(jù)采場(chǎng)空間大小或爆破藥量大小,根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)來選擇所需風(fēng)量和風(fēng)速,存在很大的不科學(xué)性,加之通風(fēng)管理不善,造成通風(fēng)時(shí)間過長(zhǎng)或風(fēng)量損失,有時(shí)也會(huì)由于通風(fēng)不良造成中毒事故。研究采場(chǎng)爆破后炮煙擴(kuò)散規(guī)律,探討爆破量、炮煙濃度與通風(fēng)時(shí)間、所需風(fēng)量的關(guān)系,能為合理地計(jì)算采場(chǎng)所需風(fēng)量提供依據(jù)。以階段礦房法為研究對(duì)象,運(yùn)用Fluent流體力學(xué)軟件建立不同階段同時(shí)爆破炮煙擴(kuò)散規(guī)律,分析風(fēng)速對(duì)炮煙擴(kuò)散的影響;以石人溝鐵礦三期-105m采場(chǎng)爆破通風(fēng)為對(duì)象運(yùn)用智能型一氧化碳探測(cè)器進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)測(cè),分析實(shí)際采場(chǎng)的炮煙擴(kuò)散情況。根據(jù)模擬和實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果建立通風(fēng)擴(kuò)散數(shù)學(xué)模型,與傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)量計(jì)算方法進(jìn)行比較研究,從而確定采場(chǎng)風(fēng)量合理的計(jì)算方法。通過數(shù)值模擬得出的主要結(jié)論為:回風(fēng)巷中炮煙濃度隨通風(fēng)呈負(fù)指數(shù)的衰減規(guī)律。風(fēng)速對(duì)速度場(chǎng)的分布規(guī)律幾乎無影響,對(duì)炮煙分布規(guī)律有影響。通過對(duì)石人溝鐵礦采場(chǎng)放炮后炮煙擴(kuò)散進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè)得出:采場(chǎng)爆破后炮煙濃度隨通風(fēng)呈負(fù)指數(shù)的衰減規(guī)律。一個(gè)階段爆破的階段礦房法的風(fēng)量計(jì)算按照巷道型回采工作面的風(fēng)量計(jì)算吻合度最高;多個(gè)階段同時(shí)爆破的階段礦房法的風(fēng)量計(jì)算按照硐室型回采工作面的風(fēng)量計(jì)算且Kt取1或者按照大爆破計(jì)算且i取0.124吻合度最高。
[Abstract]:A lot of smoke will be produced after underground stope blasting. If the smoke is not discharged in time, it will cause smoke poisoning. Therefore, after blasting, the stope must be ventilated, the smoke of the stope must be replaced by the fresh air flow, and the content of toxic and harmful gases should be reduced to the permitted value before the follow-up work can be carried out and the workers can enter the stope. The traditional mine ventilation design is generally based on the size of stope space or blasting charge, according to experience to select the required air volume and wind speed, there is a lot of unscientific, combined with poor ventilation management, resulting in excessive ventilation time or loss of air volume. Sometimes toxic accidents are caused by poor ventilation. The relationship among blasting amount, smoke concentration and ventilation time, and the required air volume can provide a basis for reasonably calculating the required air volume of the mining site by studying the law of smoke diffusion after stope blasting. Taking the method of stage mine chamber as the research object, using Fluent fluid dynamics software to establish the law of simultaneous blasting smoke diffusion in different stages, and to analyze the influence of wind speed on the smoke diffusion. In this paper, the explosion ventilation in the third-stage -105m stope of Shirengou Iron Mine is used as the object of field measurement with intelligent carbon monoxide detector, and the smoke diffusion in the actual stope is analyzed. Based on the simulation and experimental results, a mathematical model of ventilation diffusion is established and compared with the traditional air volume calculation method to determine the reasonable calculation method of stope air volume. The main conclusions obtained by numerical simulation are as follows: the attenuation law of smoke concentration in return air roadway is negative exponentially with ventilation. Wind speed has little effect on the distribution of velocity field, but has influence on the distribution of gunfire smoke. Based on the monitoring of smoke diffusion in the stope of Shirengou Iron Mine, it is concluded that the smoke concentration decreases exponentially with ventilation after stope blasting. The calculation of the air volume of the one-stage blasting method is the highest in accordance with the calculation of the air volume of the roadway type mining face. The calculation of air volume of multi-stage simultaneous blasting is based on the calculation of air volume of cavern mining face and Kt is 1 or according to large blasting and I is 0.124 with the highest coincidence degree.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TD235.1;TD72

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