【摘要】：近年來(lái),我國(guó)煤礦因安全監(jiān)測(cè)技術(shù)不足,導(dǎo)致煤炭生產(chǎn)事故頻繁發(fā)生,其中瓦斯事故占據(jù)較大比重。我國(guó)煤礦安全監(jiān)測(cè)使用較多的是由傳統(tǒng)的黑白催化元件和熱導(dǎo)元件構(gòu)成的瓦斯傳感器。由于黑白催化元件頻繁定標(biāo),熱導(dǎo)元件誤差大以及這兩種混合元件對(duì)瓦斯的突出響應(yīng)不夠迅速等不足之處,使得該檢測(cè)技術(shù)無(wú)法精確測(cè)量瓦斯?jié)舛取ａ槍?duì)我國(guó)現(xiàn)有煤礦瓦斯監(jiān)測(cè)技術(shù)的弊端,本文設(shè)計(jì)了一種基于FPGA的EFPI光纖瓦斯傳感系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)采用新型光纖傳感器能夠快速、精確測(cè)量瓦斯?jié)舛刃盘?hào),并且通過(guò)FPGA來(lái)完成信號(hào)的快速運(yùn)算與處理,能夠在很大程度上滿足煤礦安全監(jiān)測(cè)的需求。 本文首先介紹了光纖、光纖傳感器和光纖傳感的基本原理；然后對(duì)系統(tǒng)的總體結(jié)構(gòu)及組成部分作了詳細(xì)介紹；接下來(lái)分別詳述了系統(tǒng)的軟硬件設(shè)計(jì)方法,系統(tǒng)的硬件部分由FPGA負(fù)責(zé)信號(hào)采集和A／D轉(zhuǎn)換,利用快速傅里葉變換(FFT)算法對(duì)采集信號(hào)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化處理和存儲(chǔ),由CAN總線將系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)上傳給地面上位機(jī)。系統(tǒng)軟件部分分別通過(guò)Quartus Ⅱ和Nios Ⅱ兩個(gè)開(kāi)發(fā)平臺(tái)建立和配置系統(tǒng)軟硬件工程,創(chuàng)建Nios Ⅱ軟核、鎖相環(huán)PLL,通過(guò)編程調(diào)試實(shí)現(xiàn)FPGA的在線硬件仿真。 最后對(duì)上位機(jī)軟件參數(shù)進(jìn)行設(shè)置,將CAN總線上傳的數(shù)據(jù)在線進(jìn)行顯示和處理,通過(guò)分析瓦斯?jié)舛惹�的具體變化,實(shí)現(xiàn)瓦斯?jié)舛鹊脑诰�監(jiān)測(cè)與報(bào)警處理。
[Abstract]:In recent years, coal mine accidents occur frequently in our country because of the shortage of safety monitoring technology, among which gas accidents occupy a large proportion. Coal mine safety monitoring in China is made up of traditional black and white catalytic elements and thermal conductivity elements. Due to the shortcomings of frequent calibration of black-and-white catalytic elements, large error of thermal conductivity elements and insufficient response of these two hybrid elements to gas outburst, the detection technique is unable to accurately measure gas concentration. In view of the disadvantages of the existing coal mine gas monitoring technology in China, a EFPI fiber optic gas sensing system based on FPGA is designed in this paper. The new fiber optic sensor can measure the gas concentration signal quickly and accurately, and complete the fast calculation and processing of the signal by FPGA, which can meet the requirement of coal mine safety monitoring to a great extent. In this paper, the basic principles of optical fiber, optical fiber sensor and optical fiber sensor are introduced, then the overall structure and components of the system are introduced in detail. Then, the software and hardware design methods of the system are described in detail. In the hardware part of the system, FPGA is in charge of signal acquisition and A / D conversion. The acquisition signal is optimized and stored by using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) (FFT) algorithm, and the system data is uploaded to the upper computer by the CAN bus. The software part of the system establishes and configures the software and hardware engineering of the system through two development platforms, Quartus 鈪，

本文編號(hào)：2259958