【摘要】：社會性規(guī)制及其理論研究雖然稍晚于經(jīng)濟性規(guī)制，但其發(fā)展速度較快受重視程度較高，業(yè)已成為政府規(guī)制的重要組成部分。與經(jīng)濟性規(guī)制相比，社會性規(guī)制的對象比較廣泛，具有普遍適用性。社會性規(guī)制的核心內(nèi)容之一是安全規(guī)制，主要包括產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全規(guī)制和勞動生產(chǎn)安全規(guī)制，這是為了迎合全世界范圍內(nèi)日益強烈的對產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和工作場所安全的關(guān)注。安全規(guī)制的內(nèi)容涵蓋產(chǎn)品從設(shè)計、制造、銷售到使用過程中有關(guān)質(zhì)量安全保證的規(guī)制，以及對產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)過程中工作場所安全以及生產(chǎn)人員施工操作安全的規(guī)制。 我國的建筑業(yè)是帶動國民經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的支柱性產(chǎn)業(yè)，建筑產(chǎn)品是與人們?nèi)粘Ｉa(chǎn)生活休戚相關(guān)的必需品，每一個人每天都置身與建筑物的互動當(dāng)中。建筑產(chǎn)品一旦出現(xiàn)質(zhì)量安全隱患往往造成嚴重人員和經(jīng)濟的損失，對建筑質(zhì)量安全和勞動生產(chǎn)安全的嚴格要求是保證人民生命財產(chǎn)安全的必然選擇，，而現(xiàn)實情況是我國建筑業(yè)質(zhì)量安全問題確實已成為影響建筑業(yè)科學(xué)健康發(fā)展的首要問題，每年因建筑相關(guān)安全事故的死亡人數(shù)在眾多種類事故中處于突出位置。建筑業(yè)的生產(chǎn)過程與多個行業(yè)發(fā)生著廣泛的社會關(guān)聯(lián)，鑒于建筑業(yè)的健康發(fā)展關(guān)系到許多行業(yè)的生存，圍繞建筑業(yè)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和生產(chǎn)安全兩個主題進行研究，對我國建筑業(yè)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和安全生產(chǎn)的現(xiàn)狀以及建筑業(yè)政府社會性規(guī)制存在的問題進行探討具有極強的現(xiàn)實意義。迄今學(xué)術(shù)界已經(jīng)形成了一些理論研究成果，而從規(guī)制經(jīng)濟學(xué)角度出發(fā)系統(tǒng)地研究政府安全規(guī)制體制改革仍有較強的理論意義。 在研究建筑業(yè)安全規(guī)制改革的過程中，研究方法依托規(guī)制經(jīng)濟學(xué)傳統(tǒng)理論，將經(jīng)濟性規(guī)制一些成熟理論引入社會性規(guī)制的研究中來。建筑產(chǎn)品和政府安全規(guī)制都屬在一定程度上都具有非排他性和非競爭性特征。建筑安全問題涉及交易合約和勞動合約的利益多方，因此文中并未涉及外部性問題，而是將內(nèi)部性作為連接利益各方的紐帶。建筑業(yè)安全問題產(chǎn)生的原因有很多，其中最為關(guān)鍵的是存在由信息不對稱產(chǎn)生的逆向選擇和道德的風(fēng)險。安全問題的發(fā)生不僅來自企業(yè)的不正當(dāng)行為，也來自從業(yè)者的個人選擇，單純依靠市場規(guī)律去進行經(jīng)濟性調(diào)節(jié)已經(jīng)捉襟見肘，因此政府是改善安全形勢的中堅力量，途徑在于規(guī)制體制的改革與完善。在借鑒主要發(fā)達國家和地區(qū)在建筑業(yè)安全規(guī)制體系建設(shè)、機制確立和法制構(gòu)建先進經(jīng)驗的基礎(chǔ)上，針對我國體系落后、機制陳舊和制度缺失的具體問題，提出了“準確分類、事分前后、循序改革”的總體思路，并較為創(chuàng)造性地對規(guī)制機構(gòu)體系進行了重塑，提出了政府與社會結(jié)合的“1+2”規(guī)制機構(gòu)體系模式，將其它應(yīng)用體系重新調(diào)配確立了各規(guī)制主體間監(jiān)督合作的運行機制，通過推陳出新、查缺補漏，完善了法規(guī)制度，從而由這三部分組成了完整的建筑業(yè)安全規(guī)制體制改革對策，為政府深化經(jīng)濟改革提供了合理化建議。
[Abstract]:Although social regulation and its theoretical research are somewhat late in economic regulation, the development speed of social regulation has become more and more important, and it has become an important part of government regulation. Compared with the economic regulation, the social regulation object is widely used, and has universal applicability. One of the core contents of social regulation is safety regulation, which mainly includes the safety regulation of product quality and the regulation of labor production safety. The contents of safety regulation cover the regulation of the product from the design, manufacture, sale and use process to the quality safety guarantee, as well as the regulation of the safety of the workplace and the safety of the construction operation of the production personnel during the production process of the product. The construction industry of our country is the latent industry that drives the development of the national economy. The building product is a necessity for people's daily production and life. Each person is in interaction with the building every day. Among them, once the quality safety hazard of building products often leads to the loss of serious personnel and economy, the strict requirements for the safety of construction quality and the safety of labor production are necessary to ensure the safety of people's lives and property The reality is that the quality safety of construction industry in China has become the primary problem affecting the development of science and health in the construction industry, and every year the number of deaths caused by construction related safety accidents is highlighted in many kinds of accidents Location. The production process of construction industry is associated with a wide range of industries. In view of the healthy development of construction industry, the survival of many industries is related to the quality of construction industry and production safety. The present situation of product quality and safety production in construction industry in China and the problems of social regulation of construction government are discussed in this paper. To date, the academic circles have formed some theoretical research achievements, and from the angle of regulation economics, it is still a strong theory to systematically study the reform of government security regulation system. In the process of studying the reform of construction safety regulation, the research method relies on the traditional theory of regulation economics, and introduces some mature theories into social regulation based on the theory of regulation economics. In the research, the construction products and government safety regulations are both non-exclusive and non-exclusive. Competitive characteristics. The problem of building safety covers the interests of trading contracts and labor contracts. Therefore, the paper does not deal with the externality problem, but the internal property as the connection benefit. There are a lot of reasons for the security problems in the construction industry, most of which is the reverse selection generated by asymmetric information. The occurrence of security problem not only comes from the improper behavior of the enterprise, but also from the personal choice of the practitioner, and the economy adjustment is already stretched by the market rule. Therefore, the government is the backbone force to improve the security situation, the way lies in the regulation system. On the basis of drawing on the advanced experience of construction, mechanism establishment and legal system construction of construction industry safety regulation system in the major developed countries and regions, the paper puts forward the 鈥淎ccurate classification, pre-and post-treatment, sequential reform鈥

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