【摘要】：大量流行病學(xué)研究表明大氣顆粒物濃度水平與人群發(fā)病率和死亡率密切相關(guān)。然而，目前對(duì)辦公建筑室內(nèi)外顆粒物濃度水平及暴露評(píng)價(jià)研究較少，對(duì)其人體健康效應(yīng)、制定辦公建筑室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及正確的控制策略仍需深入研究，從而有效地提高室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)，減少人員健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，為人們創(chuàng)造優(yōu)良的室內(nèi)環(huán)境。 為此，本文首先對(duì)重慶市某辦公建筑春、夏季室內(nèi)外PM10和PM2.5濃度進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè)，分析室內(nèi)外濃度水平、空調(diào)微環(huán)境對(duì)室內(nèi)顆粒物濃度的影響；針對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程中難以監(jiān)測(cè)室內(nèi)污染源排放強(qiáng)度問(wèn)題，建立一個(gè)室內(nèi)顆粒物源排放強(qiáng)度的定量估算模型并對(duì)其進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)；最后在實(shí)驗(yàn)監(jiān)測(cè)的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合問(wèn)卷調(diào)查，，對(duì)重慶市辦公建筑室內(nèi)人員PM10和PM2.5進(jìn)行暴露評(píng)價(jià)。得出了以下主要結(jié)論： 1）春季，辦公室室內(nèi)外PM2.5的日均濃度均值分別為129.8μg/m~3和157.0μg/m~3，室內(nèi)外PM10的日均濃度均值分別為147.6μg/m~3和179.6g/m3，且室外顆粒物是室內(nèi)顆粒物的主要來(lái)源。 2）夏季，室外PM10和PM2.5的日均濃度均值分別為137.8μg/m~3和125.0μg/m~3。受不同空調(diào)微環(huán)境的影響，非空調(diào)辦公室內(nèi)PM10和PM2.5的日均濃度最高，均值分別為108.3μg/m~3和96.7μg/m~3；集中式空調(diào)辦公室次之，均值分別為96.5μg/m~3和89.1μg/m~3；分體式空調(diào)辦公室最小，均值分別為83.0μg/m~3和75.9μg/m~3。 3）春季室外PM10和春、夏季室外PM2.5濃度均超過(guò)《環(huán)境空氣質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》二級(jí)濃度限值，屬于中度污染等級(jí)，而夏季室外PM10濃度超過(guò)了其一級(jí)濃度限值，屬于輕度污染等級(jí)。室外PM10和PM2.5濃度均存在春季大于夏季的季節(jié)性差異。且春、夏季室外PM2.5和PM10濃度比值分別為0.874、0.907，表明室外顆粒物以PM2.5以下的細(xì)顆粒物為主。 4）建立室內(nèi)顆粒物污染源排放強(qiáng)度的定量估算模型，并對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)監(jiān)測(cè)的辦公室進(jìn)行了定量估算，PM10和PM2.5的室內(nèi)排放強(qiáng)度分別為17.8μg/m~3和7.9μg/m~3，與實(shí)驗(yàn)分析結(jié)果比較，偏差分別為2.9%和6.8%。 5）對(duì)辦公建筑室內(nèi)人員進(jìn)行綜合顆粒物暴露評(píng)價(jià)，發(fā)現(xiàn)：PM10和PM2.5綜合暴露量和綜合潛在劑量均是春季的比夏季的高；PM10和PM2.5綜合潛在劑量數(shù)值上均大于對(duì)應(yīng)的綜合暴露量，其中春季時(shí)分別大28.2%和22.9%，夏季時(shí)分別大17.5%和14.9%；人體肺部越深的區(qū)域，PM2.5的肺部濃度和作用劑量越少。
[Abstract]:A large number of epidemiological studies have shown that the concentration of particulate matter in the atmosphere is closely related to the morbidity and mortality of the population. However, there are few studies on indoor and outdoor particulate matter concentration and exposure evaluation in office buildings. The effects of human health, the establishment of indoor air quality standards and the correct control strategies need to be further studied. Thus effectively improve indoor air quality, reduce the risk of human health, and create a good indoor environment for people. Therefore, the concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 in an office building in Chongqing in spring and summer were monitored, and the effects of indoor and outdoor concentration level and air conditioning microenvironment on indoor particulate concentration were analyzed. Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to monitor the emission intensity of indoor pollution sources during the experiment, a quantitative estimation model of indoor particulate source emission intensity is established and tested. Finally, on the basis of experimental monitoring, combined with questionnaire survey, The exposure evaluation of PM10 and PM2.5 of office buildings in Chongqing was carried out. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) in spring, the average daily concentrations of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 were 129.8 渭 g/m~3 and 157.0 渭 g / mm3, respectively, and the average daily concentrations of indoor and outdoor PM10 were 147.6 渭 g/m~3 and 179.6 g / m3, respectively, and outdoor particulate matter was the main source of indoor particulate matter. 2) in summer, the average daily concentrations of outdoor PM10 and PM2.5 were 137.8 渭 g/m~3 and 125.0 渭 g / mg respectively. Under the influence of different air conditioning microenvironments, the daily average concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 in non-air conditioning offices were the highest, with the mean values of 108.3 渭 g/m~3 and 96.7 渭 g / mm3, respectively, followed by centralized air conditioning offices with a mean value of 96.5 渭 g/m~3 and 89.1 渭 g / mm3, respectively. The mean values were 83. 0 渭 g/m~3 and 75. 9 渭 g / m ~ (-1), respectively. 3) the outdoor PM10 concentration in spring and PM2.5 concentration in summer exceeded the second class concentration limit of ambient air quality standard, which belongs to the moderate pollution grade, but the outdoor PM10 concentration in summer exceeded its first grade concentration limit, which belongs to the light pollution grade. There were seasonal differences between spring and summer in PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations. The ratios of outdoor PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in spring and summer were 0.874 and 0.907, respectively, indicating that the main concentrations of outdoor particles were fine particles below PM2.5. 4) the quantitative estimation model of indoor particulate pollution source emission intensity was established, and the indoor emission intensity of PM10 and PM2.5 were estimated to be 17.8 渭 g/m~3 and 7.9 渭 g / mm3, respectively. The deviation was 2.9% and 6.8%, respectively, compared with the experimental results. 5) the comprehensive particulate matter exposure of indoor personnel in office buildings was evaluated. It was found that the combined exposure amount and the combined potential dose of 10% PM10 and PM2.5 were both higher in spring than in summer and higher than those in summer. The lung concentration and dose of PM2.5 in the deeper area of the human lung are lower than those in the spring and summer, respectively, and 17.5% and 14.9% respectively in spring and summer, respectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU834

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