【摘要】：渡船,包括客渡船和汽渡船,是連通沿江人民的紐帶。渡船一方面為長江兩岸的人民群眾提供出行便利,促進(jìn)著地方經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展;另一方面,由于受外部環(huán)境、船上設(shè)備和船員素質(zhì)等方面的影響,渡船的營運(yùn)安全保障還存在一定的問題。尤其是伴隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的快速發(fā)展,人民群眾出行交流越來越頻繁,客運(yùn)量逐年遞增,渡船的安全隱患逐年遞增,這些潛在的危險(xiǎn)給渡運(yùn)安全監(jiān)管帶來了較大的挑戰(zhàn),渡船安全狀況令人擔(dān)憂。 面對這些現(xiàn)狀,如何控制和降低渡船安全事故的發(fā)生概率,對人們?nèi)罕姲踩鲂�、海事安全監(jiān)管都有十分重要的意義。然而這一工作的前提是對渡船安全進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價(jià),只有了解其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)狀況,才能對癥下藥。筆者結(jié)合長江干線荊州段實(shí)際,從“人-機(jī)-環(huán)境-管理”四個(gè)方面對荊州段渡船風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行分析識別,通過調(diào)查問卷、訪談座談方式,得出了船員、船舶、通航環(huán)境3個(gè)一級指標(biāo)因素,職業(yè)道德、身心健康、應(yīng)急能力等13個(gè)二級指標(biāo)因素,建立了渡船風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指標(biāo)體系。運(yùn)用模糊綜合評價(jià)的方法建立了渡船風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價(jià)模型,通過對權(quán)重值進(jìn)行計(jì)算比較得出渡船各指標(biāo)因素的危險(xiǎn)狀況,即影響渡船安全的重要因素。在第一層指標(biāo)中,船員因素的權(quán)重值居首位。在第二層指標(biāo)中,主動(dòng)力設(shè)備、專業(yè)素質(zhì)、渡運(yùn)線的設(shè)置、應(yīng)急能力、消防救生設(shè)備所占的比重相對較大。運(yùn)用渡船模型對荊州石首祥運(yùn)9進(jìn)行評估應(yīng)用,得知其安全狀況介于“風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較高”與“風(fēng)險(xiǎn)很高”之間。并通過事故險(xiǎn)情分析的方法對該結(jié)果進(jìn)行了再次驗(yàn)證。最后針對渡船風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級狀況和重要影響因子,提出了改善荊州轄區(qū)渡船安全狀況的具體措施和建議。一是提升渡船建造標(biāo)準(zhǔn),建高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)渡船；二是多措并舉,提高渡船船員專業(yè)素質(zhì)；三是合理優(yōu)化渡運(yùn)線,降低環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；四是因地制宜培訓(xùn)教育,提升渡船船員應(yīng)急處置能力；五是加強(qiáng)設(shè)備的定期維護(hù)保養(yǎng)、定期檢查；六是培養(yǎng)良好的職業(yè)道德素養(yǎng),提高安全意識和責(zé)任心。希望通過采取有效對策,不斷控制、消除明顯和潛在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)源,使渡船渡運(yùn)處于良性循環(huán)狀態(tài),逐步掌握安全航行的主動(dòng)權(quán),從根本上改善渡運(yùn)秩序,同時(shí)也為海事及政府相關(guān)部門提供一些建議和意見。
[Abstract]:Ferries, including passenger ferries and steamships, are the links connecting the people along the Yangtze River. On the one hand, the ferry provides convenience for the people on both sides of the Yangtze River and promotes the development of local economy; on the other hand, due to the external environment, the quality of equipment and crew on board, there are still some problems in the operation safety of the ferry. With the rapid development of economy and society, people travel more and more frequently, passenger traffic increases year by year, and the potential safety hazards of ferry increase year by year. These potential hazards have brought great challenges to the safety supervision of ferry, and the safety situation of ferry is worrying.
Facing these situations, how to control and reduce the occurrence probability of ferry safety accidents is of great significance to people's safe travel and maritime safety supervision. This paper analyzes and identifies the risks of the ferry in Jingzhou section from four aspects of "man-machine-environment-management". Through questionnaire and interview, it obtains three first-class indicators of crew, ship and navigation environment, occupational ethics, physical and mental health, emergency capability and other 13 second-class indicators, and establishes the risk index system of the ferry. The evaluation method establishes the risk assessment model of the ferry, and through the calculation and comparison of the weights, the dangerous conditions of the various indicators of the ferry, that is, the important factors affecting the safety of the ferry are obtained. The application of the ferry model to the evaluation of Shishou Xiangyun 9 in Jingzhou shows that its safety condition is between "high risk" and "high risk". The result is verified again by the method of accident risk analysis. To influence factors, specific measures and suggestions are put forward to improve the safety of the ferry in Jingzhou jurisdiction. Firstly, the standard of ferry construction should be upgraded and a high standard ferry should be built. Secondly, various measures should be taken to improve the professional quality of the ferry crew. Thirdly, the ferry routes should be rationally optimized to reduce environmental risks. Fourthly, training and education should be tailored to local conditions to enhance the emergency department of the ferry crew. Fifth, strengthen the regular maintenance of equipment, regular inspection; sixth, cultivate good professional ethics, improve safety awareness and responsibility. Hope to take effective measures, constantly control, eliminate obvious and potential sources of risk, so that the ferry in a virtuous cycle, gradually grasp the initiative of safe navigation, from the root. This will improve the transit order and provide some advice and advice for maritime and government related departments.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：U698

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