生活事件視角下煤礦事故中人因失誤致因機(jī)理及預(yù)控研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-17 16:22
【摘要】：煤礦工人遭遇的生活事件是引起人因失誤的主要因素，也是誘發(fā)煤礦安全事故的重要風(fēng)險源之一。目前有關(guān)煤礦人因失誤研究尚處于第一代靜態(tài)的專家判斷與統(tǒng)計分析相結(jié)合的初級階段，相比于結(jié)合認(rèn)知心理學(xué)展開人因失誤研究的第二階段還有較大的差距，煤礦人因失誤理論研究相對滯后。與此同時，在安全管理實(shí)踐中，煤炭企業(yè)將關(guān)注點(diǎn)側(cè)重于煤礦工人工作八小時之內(nèi)的安全管理，忽視了煤礦工人工作八小時之外所遭遇的生活事件對其人因失誤所造成的直接或潛在影響。因此，本文基于人因失誤理論、認(rèn)知心理學(xué)理論及安全管理理論，以煤礦工人生活事件為研究對象，以生活事件—心理壓力—個體機(jī)能下降—人因失誤為研究主線，厘清生活事件視角下煤礦事故中人因失誤致因機(jī)理，明確生活事件引發(fā)煤礦事故中人因失誤的傳導(dǎo)路徑，設(shè)計生活事件對人因失誤影響的量化方法，架構(gòu)生活事件視角下煤礦事故中人因失誤預(yù)控管理及保障體系。本文研究是對人因失誤理論的豐富和發(fā)展，拓展了煤礦人因失誤理論研究范圍，為以人為本防范煤礦安全事故提供了新的理論依據(jù)，有助于推動煤礦人因失誤的定量測度和實(shí)時監(jiān)測，形成以預(yù)控為核心的煤礦事故中人因失誤管理機(jī)制，具有較為顯著的理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 本文重點(diǎn)研究以下四個方面內(nèi)容：（1）探究生活事件視角下煤礦事故中人因失誤致因機(jī)理。根據(jù)人因失誤理論、認(rèn)知心理學(xué)理論等相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)，界定煤礦工人生活事件、煤礦工人心理壓力和煤礦工人人因失誤等概念的內(nèi)涵、外延和特征向量，系統(tǒng)分析生活事件對煤礦事故中人因失誤影響過程，厘清了生活事件視角下煤礦事故中人因失誤致因機(jī)理，，確定了生活事件視角下煤礦事故中人因失誤的三個階段和四大關(guān)鍵要素，并構(gòu)建了生活事件視角下煤礦事故中人因失誤致因機(jī)理（LPIH）理論模型；（2）應(yīng)用結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型方法展開生活事件視角下煤礦事故中人因失誤影響機(jī)理理論模型的實(shí)證研究。通過理論分析提出研究假設(shè)及理論模型，構(gòu)建用于結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型的觀測變量、潛變量、結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型及模型檢驗(yàn)的研究方法，通過調(diào)查問卷獲取基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)，并應(yīng)用結(jié)構(gòu)方程方法對模型的擬合優(yōu)度進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)、假設(shè)路徑檢驗(yàn)，并確定了LPIH結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型；（3）展開生活事件視角下煤礦事故中人因失誤影響閾值測度研究。首先應(yīng)用問卷調(diào)查法開發(fā)煤礦工人生活事件量表。通過生活事件初始條目池構(gòu)建、生活事件條目分析、量表的信度和效度檢驗(yàn)，確定了生活事件條目，并在此基礎(chǔ)之上確定了生活事件改變單位值和生活事件影響時間值，進(jìn)而開發(fā)出包含44項(xiàng)生活事件的煤礦工人生活事件量表。然后，以煤礦工人生活事件量表為基礎(chǔ)，應(yīng)用調(diào)查問卷法、統(tǒng)計分析和離散排序模型等方法確定了導(dǎo)致不同人因失誤率的生活事件累計改變單位的閾值。最后，應(yīng)用情景分析法對煤礦工人生活事件累計改變單位落在閾值區(qū)間的概率做出情景分析；（4）設(shè)計生活事件視角下煤礦事故中人因失誤預(yù)控管理對策和保障措施�；谏钍录䦟γ旱V事故中人因失誤致因路徑，確定生活事件導(dǎo)致人因失誤的防控重點(diǎn)，并圍繞人因失誤防控重點(diǎn)設(shè)計生活事件提報機(jī)制、心理壓力評估機(jī)制、心理干預(yù)機(jī)制和心理干預(yù)效果評估機(jī)制等四項(xiàng)機(jī)制。為確保四項(xiàng)機(jī)制有效實(shí)施，進(jìn)一步設(shè)計組織機(jī)構(gòu)保障體系、管理制度保障體系、文化教育保障體系和軟件平臺支撐體系等四項(xiàng)保障措施。 通過上述研究，本文主要得出了以下研究結(jié)論：（1）在煤礦工人遭受生活事件后，煤礦工人根據(jù)其認(rèn)知特征對生活事件精神影響程度、改變程度、處理能力等做出認(rèn)知評價，并以認(rèn)知評價為基礎(chǔ)采取應(yīng)對問題取向應(yīng)對和情緒取向應(yīng)對，若應(yīng)對失敗，導(dǎo)致煤礦工人產(chǎn)生心理壓力，受心理壓力影響致使其心理機(jī)能和生理機(jī)能下降，進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致煤礦工人作業(yè)過程中出現(xiàn)感知過程失誤、識別判斷過程失誤和行為操作過程失誤；（2）生活事件對人因失誤有顯著的正向影響，且影響效應(yīng)值為0.6251，其三條致因路徑分別為生活事件—心理壓力—心理機(jī)能—感知過程失誤—識別判斷過程失誤—行動操作過程失誤、生活事件—心理壓力—心理機(jī)能—識別判斷過程失誤—行動操作過程失誤和生活事件—心理壓力—生理機(jī)能—行動操作過程失誤；（3）當(dāng)生活事件累積改變單位（LCCU）≤78時，煤礦工人人因失誤率非常低；當(dāng)78LCCU≤124時，人因失誤率較低；當(dāng)124LCCU≤162時，人因失誤率適中；當(dāng)162LCCU≤197時，人因失誤率較高；當(dāng)197LCCU時，人因失誤率非常高；（4）應(yīng)用情景分析法考察煤礦工人生活事件累計改變單位落在閾值區(qū)間的概率，分析結(jié)果表明，隨著煤礦工人一年內(nèi)遭遇的生活事件的數(shù)量增加，LCCU值落在由低到高的閾值區(qū)間內(nèi)的概率呈先遞減、遞增遞減和急劇遞增趨勢。 最后，根據(jù)上述研究結(jié)論，為了解決生活事件導(dǎo)致煤礦事故中人因失誤問題，本文通過構(gòu)建和實(shí)施生活事件視角下煤礦事故中人因失誤預(yù)控管理對策和保障措施，實(shí)現(xiàn)生活事件實(shí)時提報、心理壓力客觀評估、心理干預(yù)科學(xué)有效、干預(yù)方案及時調(diào)整，為有效降低煤礦事故中人因失誤提供科學(xué)的管理方法、保障機(jī)制和運(yùn)行平臺
[Abstract]:Life events encountered by coal miners are the main factors causing human error and one of the important risk sources of coal mine safety accidents. At present, the study of human error in coal mines is still in the primary stage of combining the first generation of static expert judgment and statistical analysis, compared with the study of human error combined with cognitive psychology. At the same time, in the practice of safety management, coal enterprises focus on the safety management of coal miners within eight hours of work, ignoring the direct impact of life events on human error caused by coal miners outside eight hours of work. Therefore, based on human error theory, cognitive psychology theory and safety management theory, this paper takes life events of coal miners as the research object, takes life events - psychological stress - decline of individual function - human error as the main line of study, clarifies the cause mechanism of human error in coal mine accidents from the perspective of life events, and clarifies life events. This paper is to enrich and develop the theory of human error and expand the scope of the theory of human error in coal mine. People-oriented prevention of coal mine safety accidents provides a new theoretical basis for promoting the quantitative measurement and real-time monitoring of human errors in coal mines, forming a human error management mechanism in coal mine accidents with pre-control as the core, with more significant theoretical and practical significance.
This paper focuses on the following four aspects: (1) Explore the causes of human error in coal mine accidents from the perspective of life events. According to the theory of human error, cognitive psychology and other related literature, define the connotation, extension and feature vector of the concepts of life events, psychological stress and human error of coal mine workers. This paper systematically analyzes the influence process of life events on human error in coal mine accidents, clarifies the cause mechanism of human error in coal mine accidents from the perspective of life events, determines the three stages and four key elements of human error in coal mine accidents from the perspective of life events, and constructs the cause of human error in coal mine accidents from the perspective of life events. Mechanism (LPIH) theoretical model; (2) Empirical research on the theoretical model of human error in coal mine accidents from the perspective of life events is carried out by using structural equation model method. Methods: The basic data were obtained by questionnaires, and the goodness of fit of the model was tested by structural equation method, assuming the path test, and the LPIH structural equation model was determined. (3) The threshold measurement of human error in coal mine accidents was studied from the perspective of life events. Life Event Scale. Through the construction of the initial item pool of life events, the analysis of life event items, the reliability and validity test of the scale, the life event items were determined, and on this basis, the unit value of life event change and the time value of life event influence were determined, and then the life event quantity of coal miners including 44 life events was developed. Secondly, based on the life events scale of coal miners, the threshold value of the cumulative change unit of life events leading to different human error rates is determined by means of questionnaire, statistical analysis and discrete ranking model. Finally, the probability that the cumulative change unit of life events of coal miners falls into the threshold range is determined by scenario analysis. Making scenario analysis; (4) Designing countermeasures and safeguards for human error pre-control management in coal mine accidents from the perspective of life events. In order to ensure the effective implementation of the four mechanisms, we should further design four safeguard measures, such as organizational security system, management system security system, cultural and educational security system and software platform support system.
Through the above research, this paper mainly draws the following conclusions: (1) After the life events of coal miners, coal miners make cognitive evaluation according to their cognitive characteristics on the mental impact of life events, the degree of change, processing ability and so on, and adopt coping problem-oriented coping and emotional-oriented coping based on cognitive evaluation. Coping failure leads to the psychological stress of coal miners, which leads to the decline of their psychological and physiological functions, and then leads to perceptual process errors, identification and judgment process errors and behavior operation process errors in the process of coal miners'work; (2) life events have a significant positive impact on human error, and the impact is effective. The response value was 0.6251, and the three paths were life events-psychological stress-psychological function-perceptual process failure-identification judgment process failure-action operation process failure, life events-psychological stress-psychological function-identification judgment process failure-action operation process failure-action operation process failure and life events-psychological stress-physiology. (3) When the cumulative change unit of life events (LCCU) is less than 78, the human error rate of coal miners is very low; when 78LCCU is less than 124, the human error rate is low; when 124LCCU is less than 162, the human error rate is moderate; when 162LCCU is less than 197, the human error rate is high; when 197LCCU, the human error rate is very high; (3) when 78LCCU is less than 124, the human error rate is very high. 4) Scenario analysis was used to investigate the probability that the cumulative change unit of life events of coal miners fell into the threshold range. The results show that the probability of LCCU falling into the threshold range from low to high decreases first, increases gradually and increases sharply with the increase of the number of life events encountered by coal miners in one year.
Finally, according to the above conclusions, in order to solve the problem of human error caused by life events in coal mine accidents, this paper constructs and implements the countermeasures and safeguards of human error pre-control management in coal mine accidents from the perspective of life events, realizes real-time reporting of life events, objective assessment of psychological pressure, scientific and effective psychological intervention, and intervention programs. Adjustment in time to provide scientific management method, guarantee mechanism and operation platform for effectively reducing human error in coal mine accidents
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TD771
本文編號：2246468
[Abstract]:Life events encountered by coal miners are the main factors causing human error and one of the important risk sources of coal mine safety accidents. At present, the study of human error in coal mines is still in the primary stage of combining the first generation of static expert judgment and statistical analysis, compared with the study of human error combined with cognitive psychology. At the same time, in the practice of safety management, coal enterprises focus on the safety management of coal miners within eight hours of work, ignoring the direct impact of life events on human error caused by coal miners outside eight hours of work. Therefore, based on human error theory, cognitive psychology theory and safety management theory, this paper takes life events of coal miners as the research object, takes life events - psychological stress - decline of individual function - human error as the main line of study, clarifies the cause mechanism of human error in coal mine accidents from the perspective of life events, and clarifies life events. This paper is to enrich and develop the theory of human error and expand the scope of the theory of human error in coal mine. People-oriented prevention of coal mine safety accidents provides a new theoretical basis for promoting the quantitative measurement and real-time monitoring of human errors in coal mines, forming a human error management mechanism in coal mine accidents with pre-control as the core, with more significant theoretical and practical significance.
This paper focuses on the following four aspects: (1) Explore the causes of human error in coal mine accidents from the perspective of life events. According to the theory of human error, cognitive psychology and other related literature, define the connotation, extension and feature vector of the concepts of life events, psychological stress and human error of coal mine workers. This paper systematically analyzes the influence process of life events on human error in coal mine accidents, clarifies the cause mechanism of human error in coal mine accidents from the perspective of life events, determines the three stages and four key elements of human error in coal mine accidents from the perspective of life events, and constructs the cause of human error in coal mine accidents from the perspective of life events. Mechanism (LPIH) theoretical model; (2) Empirical research on the theoretical model of human error in coal mine accidents from the perspective of life events is carried out by using structural equation model method. Methods: The basic data were obtained by questionnaires, and the goodness of fit of the model was tested by structural equation method, assuming the path test, and the LPIH structural equation model was determined. (3) The threshold measurement of human error in coal mine accidents was studied from the perspective of life events. Life Event Scale. Through the construction of the initial item pool of life events, the analysis of life event items, the reliability and validity test of the scale, the life event items were determined, and on this basis, the unit value of life event change and the time value of life event influence were determined, and then the life event quantity of coal miners including 44 life events was developed. Secondly, based on the life events scale of coal miners, the threshold value of the cumulative change unit of life events leading to different human error rates is determined by means of questionnaire, statistical analysis and discrete ranking model. Finally, the probability that the cumulative change unit of life events of coal miners falls into the threshold range is determined by scenario analysis. Making scenario analysis; (4) Designing countermeasures and safeguards for human error pre-control management in coal mine accidents from the perspective of life events. In order to ensure the effective implementation of the four mechanisms, we should further design four safeguard measures, such as organizational security system, management system security system, cultural and educational security system and software platform support system.
Through the above research, this paper mainly draws the following conclusions: (1) After the life events of coal miners, coal miners make cognitive evaluation according to their cognitive characteristics on the mental impact of life events, the degree of change, processing ability and so on, and adopt coping problem-oriented coping and emotional-oriented coping based on cognitive evaluation. Coping failure leads to the psychological stress of coal miners, which leads to the decline of their psychological and physiological functions, and then leads to perceptual process errors, identification and judgment process errors and behavior operation process errors in the process of coal miners'work; (2) life events have a significant positive impact on human error, and the impact is effective. The response value was 0.6251, and the three paths were life events-psychological stress-psychological function-perceptual process failure-identification judgment process failure-action operation process failure, life events-psychological stress-psychological function-identification judgment process failure-action operation process failure-action operation process failure and life events-psychological stress-physiology. (3) When the cumulative change unit of life events (LCCU) is less than 78, the human error rate of coal miners is very low; when 78LCCU is less than 124, the human error rate is low; when 124LCCU is less than 162, the human error rate is moderate; when 162LCCU is less than 197, the human error rate is high; when 197LCCU, the human error rate is very high; (3) when 78LCCU is less than 124, the human error rate is very high. 4) Scenario analysis was used to investigate the probability that the cumulative change unit of life events of coal miners fell into the threshold range. The results show that the probability of LCCU falling into the threshold range from low to high decreases first, increases gradually and increases sharply with the increase of the number of life events encountered by coal miners in one year.
Finally, according to the above conclusions, in order to solve the problem of human error caused by life events in coal mine accidents, this paper constructs and implements the countermeasures and safeguards of human error pre-control management in coal mine accidents from the perspective of life events, realizes real-time reporting of life events, objective assessment of psychological pressure, scientific and effective psychological intervention, and intervention programs. Adjustment in time to provide scientific management method, guarantee mechanism and operation platform for effectively reducing human error in coal mine accidents
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TD771
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