【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)鐵路運(yùn)營(yíng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的快速發(fā)展,鐵路運(yùn)營(yíng)里程逐年增長(zhǎng),列車的運(yùn)行速度和密度不斷提高,公路交通領(lǐng)域的汽車數(shù)量也在逐年增加,部分鐵路無(wú)人道口安全防護(hù)設(shè)備相對(duì)落后,存在一定的危險(xiǎn)性,給鐵路無(wú)人道口帶來(lái)了安全隱患。每年在無(wú)人道口都會(huì)發(fā)生一定量交通事故,造成了較大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失和人員傷亡。因此,設(shè)計(jì)和開發(fā)一種實(shí)用的無(wú)人道口監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)是有意義的。 該系統(tǒng)綜合運(yùn)用傳感器技術(shù)、現(xiàn)代通信技術(shù)和計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù),實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)鐵路無(wú)人道口的實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控與可靠控制。系統(tǒng)分為列車接近信息采集節(jié)點(diǎn)、道口控制臺(tái)和上位機(jī)監(jiān)控軟件三部分,信息采集節(jié)點(diǎn)用于采集列車進(jìn)入道口和離開道口的信息,分別安裝四對(duì)紅外對(duì)射傳感器于距離道口兩側(cè)一公里左右,呈現(xiàn)交叉式安裝在鋼軌兩側(cè)安全限距規(guī)定范圍內(nèi),接收端兩高兩低,以便接收列車遮擋紅外的信息,此方式既可判斷列車通過(guò)方向、速度等信息,也可以用于判斷干擾信息,采集數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)單片機(jī)處理后,采集節(jié)點(diǎn)以CAN總線的方式將是否有列車接近的信息上傳到道口控制臺(tái)。道口控制臺(tái)根據(jù)接收到采集節(jié)點(diǎn)發(fā)送來(lái)的列車接近信息,將道口防護(hù)欄落下,阻止行人和車輛通過(guò),并通過(guò)信號(hào)機(jī)亮紅燈和語(yǔ)音播報(bào)的形式提示行人和車輛注意安全；當(dāng)接收列車離開信息時(shí),則將道口防護(hù)欄升起,信號(hào)機(jī)亮綠燈,提示行人和車輛道口是安全的,可以放心通過(guò)；與此同時(shí),通過(guò)GPRS無(wú)線通信的方式將該信息上傳至監(jiān)控中心。監(jiān)控中心完成對(duì)接收到的道口信息進(jìn)行存儲(chǔ),并實(shí)時(shí)的顯示道口狀態(tài),生成各類所需報(bào)表,當(dāng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)備故障時(shí),可立即派人趕往現(xiàn)場(chǎng)進(jìn)行維修。在道口控制臺(tái)和列車接近信息采集節(jié)點(diǎn)電路板上設(shè)計(jì)了光電隔離電路和電源隔離電路,提高信息傳輸?shù)目煽啃院拖到y(tǒng)的抗干擾能力；信息采集紅外安裝的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)也可以提高列車接近的識(shí)別率,達(dá)到了無(wú)人道口的安全防護(hù)效果。 該系統(tǒng)能夠?yàn)橥ㄟ^(guò)無(wú)人道口的行人和車輛提供列車進(jìn)入與離開無(wú)人道口信息,可在一定程度上改善鐵路無(wú)人道口的安全狀況；可對(duì)多個(gè)無(wú)人道口進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控,達(dá)到設(shè)備檢修及時(shí)、維護(hù)方便的目的；為完善和改進(jìn)鐵路無(wú)人道口監(jiān)控和防護(hù)系統(tǒng)提供了一定的參考價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of railway operation network in China, the mileage of railway operation is increasing year by year, the speed and density of train running are increasing, and the number of vehicles in the field of highway transportation is increasing year by year. Some railway unmanned crossing safety protection equipment is relatively backward, there is certain danger, which brings safety hidden trouble to railway unmanned crossing. A certain number of traffic accidents occur every year at the unattended crossing, resulting in large economic losses and casualties. Therefore, it is meaningful to design and develop a practical unmanned crossing monitoring system. The system integrates sensor technology, modern communication technology and computer technology to realize real-time monitoring and reliable control of unmanned railway crossing. The system is divided into three parts: train approaching information acquisition node, crossing console and PC monitoring software. The information acquisition node is used to collect the information of the train entering and leaving the crossing. Each of the four pairs of infrared anti-fire sensors is installed about one kilometer from the two sides of the crossing, showing a cross-type installation within the prescribed range of safety limits on both sides of the rail, and the receiving ends are two high and two low in order to receive the information of the train to block the infrared. This method can not only judge the direction, speed and other information of the train, but also can be used to judge the interference information. After the data is processed by single chip computer, the acquisition node uploads the information of whether the train is close to the crossing console by CAN bus. On the basis of receiving the information of train approach sent from the acquisition node, the crossing console falls down the crossing barrier to prevent pedestrians and vehicles from passing through, and prompts pedestrians and vehicles to pay attention to safety through the form of a red light and voice broadcast by a signal generator; When receiving the train leaving the information, the barrier is raised, the signal is green, indicating that the pedestrian and vehicle crossing is safe and can be safely passed. At the same time, the information is uploaded to the monitoring center through GPRS wireless communication. The monitoring center stores the received information and displays the status of the interface in real time, and generates all kinds of required reports. When the system equipment fails, people can be sent to the site immediately to carry out maintenance. In order to improve the reliability of information transmission and the anti-interference ability of the system, the photoelectric isolation circuit and the power source isolation circuit are designed on the interface console and the circuit board of train approaching information acquisition node. The special structure of information acquisition and infrared installation can also improve the identification rate of train approach and achieve the safety protection effect of unmanned crossing. The system can provide information of train entry and departure for pedestrians and vehicles passing through unattended crossings, improve the safety of unmanned railway crossings to a certain extent, and monitor several unmanned crossings in real time. It can achieve the purpose of timely maintenance and convenient maintenance, and provides a certain reference value for perfecting and improving the monitoring and protection system of railway unattended crossing.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TP277;U298

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