發(fā)布時間：2018-08-31 18:49

【摘要】：船舶運(yùn)輸是世界上最主要的運(yùn)輸方式之一,其中有超過半數(shù)以上的船載貨物屬于危險品。危險品在運(yùn)輸過程中安全控制的復(fù)雜度高,管理難度大,事故時有發(fā)生。一旦事故發(fā)生,就會對生命、財產(chǎn)和環(huán)境造成重大威脅。船舶危險品運(yùn)輸?shù)陌踩珕栴}一直是世人所關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)問題。盡管目前有關(guān)部門對危險品運(yùn)輸?shù)陌踩芾碜隽舜罅抗ぷ?但是仍舊難以徹底解決危險品運(yùn)輸?shù)陌踩珕栴}。對船舶運(yùn)輸過程中貨物的安全狀態(tài)進(jìn)行有效監(jiān)控,實(shí)現(xiàn)風(fēng)險預(yù)警,保障運(yùn)輸安全,是當(dāng)前亟待解決的一個現(xiàn)實(shí)問題。本文針對船載包裝危險品,圍繞其運(yùn)輸途中的狀態(tài)監(jiān)測和風(fēng)險預(yù)警問題開展了以下幾方面的研究工作： (1)將無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)用于對艙室內(nèi)表征貨物安全狀態(tài)的環(huán)境信息的監(jiān)控,從而達(dá)到掌握危險貨物安全狀態(tài)的目的,設(shè)計了適用于船上實(shí)施的無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu),并通過實(shí)船實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了其可行性。 (2)將時間序列分析方法引入危險品安全狀態(tài)的預(yù)測問題中,在基于單傳感器的貨物安全狀態(tài)信息的分析、預(yù)測中,針對傳統(tǒng)的差分方法在時間序列平穩(wěn)化過程中容易造成有價值信息丟失,影響計算精度的問題,提出了一種指數(shù)平滑法和自回歸移動法的組合方法；在基于多傳感器的信息融合研究中,提出了基于協(xié)整理論的船載危險品在途安全狀態(tài)信息融合處理方法,該方法發(fā)揮多傳感器的優(yōu)勢,可對危險品在途狀態(tài)信息進(jìn)行較為準(zhǔn)確的預(yù)測,同時具有異常狀態(tài)的診斷功能。 (3)為掌握船載危險品處于異常狀態(tài)下的危險態(tài)勢演變過程,提出將計算流體力學(xué)數(shù)值模擬方法引入到船舶包裝危險品運(yùn)輸風(fēng)險監(jiān)測預(yù)警問題的研究中,采用該方法在船艙內(nèi)有危險氣體產(chǎn)生的情況下,對危險氣體的泄漏、擴(kuò)散進(jìn)行了數(shù)值計算和動態(tài)仿真。同時,結(jié)合相應(yīng)的物理實(shí)驗(yàn)對方法的可行性予以驗(yàn)證,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,計算流體力學(xué)數(shù)值模擬方法應(yīng)用于船舶包裝危險品運(yùn)輸風(fēng)險預(yù)警問題可行、有效。 (4)為指導(dǎo)船上人員對貨物異常狀態(tài)進(jìn)行應(yīng)急處置,提出一種將無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)監(jiān)測和計算流體力學(xué)數(shù)值模擬有機(jī)結(jié)合的新方法,實(shí)現(xiàn)對船載包裝危險品異常狀態(tài)的態(tài)勢判定。該方法一方面將無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)作為危險貨物狀態(tài)的監(jiān)測手段,另一方面采用計算流體力學(xué)方法事先對運(yùn)輸過程中可能出現(xiàn)的典型異常狀態(tài)做數(shù)值模擬,最后運(yùn)用模式識別方法將二者有機(jī)結(jié)合,實(shí)現(xiàn)對船載危險品異常狀態(tài)的態(tài)勢判定。在該模式識別的相似性度量問題研究中,針對大數(shù)據(jù)量情況下現(xiàn)有的動態(tài)時間彎曲算法復(fù)雜度高、計算效率低的問題,提出了一種基于動態(tài)時間彎曲的模式距離滑動窗口算法。
[Abstract]:Shipping is one of the most important modes of transportation in the world, and more than half of the cargo on board belongs to dangerous goods. The safety control of dangerous goods in the course of transportation is complex, difficult to manage, and accidents occur from time to time. The whole problem has always been a hot topic in the world. Although the relevant departments have done a lot of work on the safety management of dangerous goods transportation, it is still difficult to completely solve the safety problem of dangerous goods transportation. This paper focuses on the state monitoring and risk warning of Shipborne dangerous goods in transit. The following aspects are studied in this paper:
(1) Wireless sensor network is used to monitor and control the environmental information in the cabin which indicates the safety status of the cargo, so as to grasp the safety status of dangerous cargo. The topology of wireless sensor network suitable for ship implementation is designed, and its feasibility is verified by the real ship experiment.
(2) The time series analysis method is introduced into the prediction of dangerous goods'safety state. In the analysis of the information of goods' safety state based on a single sensor, an exponential smoothing method and an exponential smoothing method are proposed to solve the problem that the traditional difference method can easily cause the loss of valuable information and affect the calculation accuracy in the process of time series smoothing. In the research of information fusion based on multi-sensor, a method of information fusion processing of ship-borne dangerous goods in-transit safety state is put forward, which takes advantage of multi-sensor and can predict the dangerous goods in-transit information accurately and diagnose the abnormal state at the same time. Break function.
(3) In order to grasp the evolution process of dangerous situation of ship-borne dangerous goods under abnormal condition, the computational fluid dynamics numerical simulation method is introduced into the study of dangerous goods transportation risk monitoring and early warning. In the case of dangerous gases in the cabin, the leakage and diffusion of dangerous gases are counted. At the same time, the feasibility of the method is verified by the corresponding physical experiments. The experimental results show that the CFD numerical simulation method is feasible and effective in the early warning of shipping packaging dangerous goods.
(4) In order to guide the shipboard personnel to deal with the abnormal state of cargo, a new method combining wireless sensor network monitoring with computational fluid dynamics numerical simulation is proposed to realize the situation determination of abnormal state of Shipborne packaging dangerous goods. On the other hand, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is used to simulate the typical abnormal state which may appear in the process of transportation. Finally, the pattern recognition method is used to combine the two methods to judge the abnormal state of dangerous goods on board. In the case of high complexity and low computational efficiency of existing dynamic time warping algorithms, a mode distance sliding window algorithm based on dynamic time warping is proposed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：U698;U695.292

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