橡塑合金輻射防護(hù)材料的制備及優(yōu)化設(shè)計
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-31 11:35
【摘要】：隨著核能與核技術(shù)應(yīng)用的迅猛發(fā)展,人們接觸輻射的機(jī)會大為增加,因此對核輻射防護(hù)的需求也日益迫切。目前對輻射的防護(hù)都是建立在屏蔽材料的基礎(chǔ)之上的,所以對屏蔽材料的研究就顯得至關(guān)重要。很多傳統(tǒng)輻射防護(hù)材料已經(jīng)無法滿足便攜性和可移動性等防護(hù)需求,因此研制開發(fā)新型的柔性防護(hù)材料成為了研究的重點(diǎn)。本文以性能優(yōu)異的橡塑合金橡膠材料作為基底,通過摻入碳化硼、氧化釓和氧化鎢等功能性粒子,研發(fā)制備了一種新型輻射防護(hù)材料,研究了復(fù)合防護(hù)材料的各項性能,并結(jié)合遺傳算法和MCNP程序?qū)Σ牧现泄δ芰Ｗ拥呐浔冗M(jìn)行了最優(yōu)化設(shè)計。本文主要的工作及成果如下:(1)利用MCNP程序?qū)i、Pb、Ta、Fe、Cu、W、Sn等元素的γ射線防護(hù)性能進(jìn)行了模擬計算,同時利用WinXCom軟件對Ce、Sm、Gd、Er等稀土元素的質(zhì)量衰減系數(shù)進(jìn)行了理論模擬,重點(diǎn)考察了各元素的K吸收邊特性,然后對比了各材料對中子的防護(hù)效果�；谏鲜龅哪M結(jié)果,進(jìn)行功能粒子的初步篩選和優(yōu)化組合。結(jié)果表明:Gd和W是較好的γ射線屏蔽組合,而且Gd也是優(yōu)異的熱中子吸收材料,由于橡塑合金橡膠的多種優(yōu)點(diǎn),將其作為復(fù)合材料的基底材料。(2)根據(jù)篩選的結(jié)果,制備了Gd2O3/WO3/橡塑合金輻射防護(hù)材料,研究了經(jīng)過不同劑量的電子束照射后樣品的性能差異及變化規(guī)律,通過對材料力學(xué)性能和射線防護(hù)性能的測試,考察了不同功能粒子加入量對材料的各項性能的影響,最后對比了B4C和Gd2O3的中子屏蔽效果。通過實驗發(fā)現(xiàn),100 kGy的電子束輻射使材料獲得了較好的機(jī)械性能,隨著功能粒子含量的增加,材料的屏蔽性能上升,而力學(xué)性能隨之下降,且Gd2O3的中子透射率低于B4C。(3)在上述的實驗結(jié)果的基礎(chǔ)上,更加深入地研究了材料中功能粒子的配比對其射線防護(hù)性能的影響。通過MATLAB中的遺傳算法工具箱進(jìn)行材料組分的最優(yōu)化計算,然后將最優(yōu)化計算結(jié)果輸入到MCNP程序中,從理論的角度對最優(yōu)化結(jié)果進(jìn)行模擬驗證,結(jié)論顯示了最優(yōu)化設(shè)計的材料相比于其他三種材料擁有更加綜合的射線防護(hù)性能,理論上證明了最優(yōu)化結(jié)果的正確性。(4)根據(jù)遺傳算法得到的最優(yōu)化結(jié)果,制備了B4C/Gd2O3/WO3/橡塑合金輻射防護(hù)材料,對其微觀結(jié)構(gòu)和輻射防護(hù)性能進(jìn)行了測試分析,通過對材料進(jìn)行射線屏蔽實驗,從實驗的角度對最優(yōu)化結(jié)果進(jìn)行了驗證,通過測得的實驗數(shù)據(jù)說明了所制備的最優(yōu)化防護(hù)材料擁有更好的屏蔽性能,從實驗上證明了最優(yōu)化結(jié)果的正確性。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of nuclear energy and nuclear technology applications, people's exposure to radiation is greatly increased, so the need for radiation protection is increasingly urgent. At present, radiation protection is based on shielding materials, so it is very important to study shielding materials. Many traditional radiation protection materials have been unable to meet the requirements of portability and mobility, so the research and development of new flexible protective materials has become the focus of research. In this paper, a new type of radiation protection material was prepared by adding functional particles such as boron carbide, gadolinium oxide and tungsten oxide on rubber materials with excellent properties. The properties of composite protective materials were studied. Genetic algorithm and MCNP program are used to optimize the proportion of functional particles in materials. The main work and achievements of this paper are as follows: (1) the 緯 -ray protection performance of Bi,Pb,Ta,Fe,Cu,W,Sn and other elements is simulated by using MCNP program, and the mass attenuation coefficient of rare earth elements such as Ce,Sm,Gd,Er is simulated by WinXCom software. The K absorption edge characteristics of each element were investigated, and the neutron protection effects of each material were compared. Based on the above simulation results, the primary screening and optimization of functional particles were carried out. The results show that: Gd and W are better gamma-ray shielding combinations, and Gd is also an excellent thermal neutron absorption material. Because of the many advantages of rubber, rubber is used as the substrate material of composite materials. (2) according to the screening results, The radiation protection materials of Gd2O3/WO3/ rubber plastic alloy were prepared. The difference and variation of the properties of the samples after different doses of electron beam irradiation were studied. The mechanical properties and radiation protection properties of the materials were tested. The effects of different amount of functional particles on the properties of the materials were investigated. Finally, the neutron shielding effects of B4C and Gd2O3 were compared. The experimental results show that the electron beam radiation of 100 kGy makes the material obtain better mechanical properties. With the increase of the content of functional particles, the shielding property of the material increases, but the mechanical property decreases. The neutron transmittance of Gd2O3 is lower than that of B _ 4C. (3) on the basis of the above experimental results, the effects of the ratio of functional particles in the material on the radiation protection performance are studied more deeply. The optimization calculation of material components is carried out by genetic algorithm toolbox in MATLAB, and then the optimization results are input into MCNP program, and the optimization results are simulated and verified from a theoretical point of view. The conclusion shows that the optimized materials have more comprehensive radiation protection performance than the other three materials, and theoretically prove the correctness of the optimization results. (4) according to the optimization results obtained by genetic algorithm, The radiation protection materials of B4C/Gd2O3/WO3/ rubber and plastic alloys were prepared. The microstructure and radiation protection properties of the materials were tested and analyzed. The optimized results were verified from the point of view of the experiments. The experimental data show that the optimized protective materials have better shielding performance, and the correctness of the optimized results is proved experimentally.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京航空航天大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TL752
本文編號：2214862
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of nuclear energy and nuclear technology applications, people's exposure to radiation is greatly increased, so the need for radiation protection is increasingly urgent. At present, radiation protection is based on shielding materials, so it is very important to study shielding materials. Many traditional radiation protection materials have been unable to meet the requirements of portability and mobility, so the research and development of new flexible protective materials has become the focus of research. In this paper, a new type of radiation protection material was prepared by adding functional particles such as boron carbide, gadolinium oxide and tungsten oxide on rubber materials with excellent properties. The properties of composite protective materials were studied. Genetic algorithm and MCNP program are used to optimize the proportion of functional particles in materials. The main work and achievements of this paper are as follows: (1) the 緯 -ray protection performance of Bi,Pb,Ta,Fe,Cu,W,Sn and other elements is simulated by using MCNP program, and the mass attenuation coefficient of rare earth elements such as Ce,Sm,Gd,Er is simulated by WinXCom software. The K absorption edge characteristics of each element were investigated, and the neutron protection effects of each material were compared. Based on the above simulation results, the primary screening and optimization of functional particles were carried out. The results show that: Gd and W are better gamma-ray shielding combinations, and Gd is also an excellent thermal neutron absorption material. Because of the many advantages of rubber, rubber is used as the substrate material of composite materials. (2) according to the screening results, The radiation protection materials of Gd2O3/WO3/ rubber plastic alloy were prepared. The difference and variation of the properties of the samples after different doses of electron beam irradiation were studied. The mechanical properties and radiation protection properties of the materials were tested. The effects of different amount of functional particles on the properties of the materials were investigated. Finally, the neutron shielding effects of B4C and Gd2O3 were compared. The experimental results show that the electron beam radiation of 100 kGy makes the material obtain better mechanical properties. With the increase of the content of functional particles, the shielding property of the material increases, but the mechanical property decreases. The neutron transmittance of Gd2O3 is lower than that of B _ 4C. (3) on the basis of the above experimental results, the effects of the ratio of functional particles in the material on the radiation protection performance are studied more deeply. The optimization calculation of material components is carried out by genetic algorithm toolbox in MATLAB, and then the optimization results are input into MCNP program, and the optimization results are simulated and verified from a theoretical point of view. The conclusion shows that the optimized materials have more comprehensive radiation protection performance than the other three materials, and theoretically prove the correctness of the optimization results. (4) according to the optimization results obtained by genetic algorithm, The radiation protection materials of B4C/Gd2O3/WO3/ rubber and plastic alloys were prepared. The microstructure and radiation protection properties of the materials were tested and analyzed. The optimized results were verified from the point of view of the experiments. The experimental data show that the optimized protective materials have better shielding performance, and the correctness of the optimized results is proved experimentally.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京航空航天大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TL752
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