【摘要】：近年來，煤礦自然條件、瓦斯條件和開采技術(shù)條件發(fā)生了顯著變化，沖擊地壓和煤與瓦斯突出共同作用下的復合動力災害成為繼單純瓦斯災害或單純沖擊地壓后又一重大而復雜的安全隱患。為了更好的監(jiān)測預警與防治煤礦復合動力災害，提高煤礦安全生產(chǎn)水平，消除煤礦復合動力災害隱患，本文開展了煤礦沖擊地壓和煤與瓦斯突出共同作用下的復合動力災害的危險性評價與監(jiān)測預警技術(shù)研究。 本文運用沖擊地壓與瓦斯突出的統(tǒng)一失穩(wěn)理論，并分析二者的區(qū)別，得出兩種災害的耦合關(guān)系：（1）只要具備或創(chuàng)造了瓦斯異常涌出的物質(zhì)、動力和構(gòu)造條件，沖擊地壓就有可能誘發(fā)煤礦瓦斯異常涌出，而且震前、同震和震后都具備這種可能。（2）沖擊地壓導致煤及共生巖體產(chǎn)生微破裂，給瓦斯解吸膨脹創(chuàng)造了構(gòu)造條件，解吸膨脹的高壓瓦斯又成為沖擊地壓的助推力，兩者相互作用。存在一種開挖卸載與瓦斯解吸膨脹耦合作用的沖擊地壓。（3）沖擊地壓與瓦斯異常涌出的相關(guān)性雖然在一定條件下是確定的，但并不代表由此必然引發(fā)瓦斯事故。 針對復合動力災害危險性及防治，提出了“先分別——再耦合”的工作面復合動力災害危險區(qū)域評價方法。即，首先采用宏觀評價法來評價復合動力災害的整體危險性，常用的方法主要有綜合指數(shù)法、復合動力災害發(fā)生可能性指數(shù)診斷法等。其次找出產(chǎn)生復合動力災害的影響因素，根據(jù)各個因素的不同情況，采用不同的評價方法，劃定危險區(qū)域，最后根據(jù)多因素耦合法，劃定不同危險程度的區(qū)域，為提前采取防治措施提供依據(jù)。 巖層運動是支承壓力形成、巷道圍巖破壞、復合動力災害發(fā)生等一切動力現(xiàn)象的根源。采用理論分析、數(shù)值模擬以及現(xiàn)場實測的方法對方山礦11041工作面巖層運動規(guī)律進行了研究。11041工作面直接頂完整性指數(shù)為第一層頂板的質(zhì)量指數(shù)0.33，屬于不穩(wěn)定頂板。11041工作面直接頂垮落厚度為6~6.5m，老頂厚度為11.6m；老頂初次垮落步距37.5m，周期來壓步距為12.5m~14.9m。 分析了微震技術(shù)對復合動力災害監(jiān)測預警的原理，在方山礦11041工作面安裝了礦山CT微震監(jiān)測預警系統(tǒng)，依據(jù)微地震和應力在線監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)獲得的數(shù)據(jù)，研究了工作面礦壓顯現(xiàn)規(guī)律，結(jié)合瓦斯抽放量的監(jiān)測，分析了巖層運動、應力和瓦斯抽放量的關(guān)系，初步確定了復合動力災害監(jiān)測預警指標。 通過本文的研究，可以更清楚的了解復合動力災害的發(fā)生機理，掌握對復合動力災害的評價方法及監(jiān)測預警技術(shù)，，從而采取針對性的復合動力災害防治技術(shù)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, coal mine natural conditions, gas conditions and mining technical conditions have undergone significant changes. The composite dynamic disaster under the combined action of coal and gas outburst has become a major and complex safety hazard after the simple gas disaster or the simple impact ground pressure. In order to better monitor and early warning and prevent coal mine complex power disaster, improve the level of coal mine safety production, eliminate the hidden danger of coal mine composite power disaster, In this paper, the risk assessment and monitoring and early warning technology of composite dynamic disasters under the combined action of coal and gas outburst are studied. In this paper, the unified instability theory of shock ground pressure and gas outburst is applied, and the difference between them is analyzed, and the coupling relationship between the two disasters is obtained: (1) as long as there is or creates the material, dynamic and structural conditions for gas outburst, The shock ground pressure may induce abnormal gas emission from coal mine, and it is possible before and after the earthquake. (2) the impact ground pressure leads to the micro-fracture of coal and symbiotic rock mass, which creates the structural conditions for gas desorption and expansion. The desorption and expansion of high pressure gas become the booster of impact ground pressure, and they interact with each other. There is a kind of impact ground pressure which is coupled by excavation unloading and gas desorption and expansion. (3) the correlation between the impact ground pressure and abnormal gas emission is certain under certain conditions but does not necessarily lead to gas accidents. In view of the hazard and prevention of composite dynamic disaster, a method of regional evaluation of composite dynamic hazard in working face is put forward, which is "separate first and then coupled". That is to say, the macro evaluation method is used to evaluate the overall risk of the composite dynamic disaster. The common methods are the comprehensive index method, the probability index diagnosis method and so on. Secondly, find out the influencing factors of the complex dynamic disaster, according to the different conditions of each factor, adopt different evaluation methods, delineate the dangerous area, finally, according to the multi-factor coupling method, delimit the area with different degree of danger. To provide the basis for taking preventive measures in advance. Strata movement is the root of all dynamic phenomena, such as the formation of supporting pressure, the destruction of roadway surrounding rock and the occurrence of complex dynamic disasters. By theoretical analysis, The method of numerical simulation and field measurement the law of rock strata movement in 11041 face of Tangshan Coal Mine has been studied. The direct roof integrity index of face .11041 is the mass index 0.33 of the first layer roof, which belongs to the unstable roof. 11041 face direct roof. The thickness of caving is 6.5m, the thickness of roof is 11.6m. The first collapse step distance of the main roof is 37.5 m, and the periodic pressure step distance is 12.5 m ~ 14.9 m. The principle of microseismic monitoring and warning for composite dynamic disasters is analyzed. The CT microseismic monitoring and warning system is installed in 11041 face of Fangshan Coal Mine. The data obtained from microseismic and stress on-line monitoring system are obtained. In this paper, the law of mine pressure appearance in working face is studied, and the relationship between rock movement, stress and gas drainage is analyzed, and the monitoring and warning index of composite dynamic disaster is preliminarily determined in combination with the monitoring of gas drainage amount. Through the research in this paper, we can clearly understand the mechanism of composite dynamic disaster, grasp the evaluation method and monitoring and early warning technology of composite dynamic disaster, and then adopt the technology of prevention and cure of composite dynamic disaster.
【學位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TD713;TD76

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