【摘要】：采空區(qū)瓦斯燃燒是煤礦多發(fā)事故之一，隨著煤礦開采水平的加深，瓦斯涌出和地溫不斷增加，這使得自燃誘發(fā)瓦斯燃燒成為一種重要的形式。由于缺少自燃條件下瓦斯燃燒發(fā)生規(guī)律和防治研究，使得現(xiàn)場防治自燃引燃瓦斯時(shí)具有一定的盲目性，為此，本文重點(diǎn)對采空區(qū)煤自燃誘發(fā)瓦斯燃燒的規(guī)律及防治進(jìn)行了研究，研究結(jié)果有利于減少采空區(qū)瓦斯燃燒事故的發(fā)生。 為了控制采空區(qū)煤自燃誘發(fā)瓦斯燃燒，基于礦壓理論對采場自燃和瓦斯涌出規(guī)律進(jìn)行了研究。分析了采場應(yīng)力分布，得出采煤過程中在采場走向和傾向上會逐漸形成應(yīng)力“三區(qū)”，這造成了上覆巖層在垂直方向上逐漸形成冒落三帶和在采空區(qū)冒落帶形成“O”型壓實(shí)區(qū)，此種巖層冒落規(guī)律使得采空區(qū)見方前形成了“U”型漏風(fēng)，見方后形成了“M”型漏風(fēng)。把采場易自燃區(qū)域分為煤柱附近、斷層附近、大矸石處等，結(jié)合采場瓦斯涌出規(guī)律，提出控制漏風(fēng)和浮煤分布是減少自燃誘發(fā)瓦斯燃燒的有效手段。 在分析自燃引燃瓦斯理論的基礎(chǔ)上，論文設(shè)計(jì)加工了高溫煤體引燃瓦斯實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺，，開展了高溫煤體誘發(fā)瓦斯燃燒實(shí)驗(yàn)。研究了不同加熱功率、初始CH_4濃度和熱源深度條件下煤樣升溫過程中封閉空間氣體的變化規(guī)律，結(jié)果顯示，隨溫度升高，封閉空間O_2濃度降低，N_2濃度先增大后減少，其他氣體濃度增加。在高溫階段，加熱功率增大使得O_2濃度增大，N_2濃度先增大后減小，其他氣體濃度減小；增大初始CH_4濃度，O_2濃度先減小后增大，CH_4濃度增大，其他氣體濃度減�。划�(dāng)熱源深度增加時(shí)，O_2濃度增大，N_2濃度先減小后增大，其他氣體濃度減小。利用Matlab對煤樣升溫過程中封閉空間可燃?xì)怏w濃度與其爆炸限之間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了分析，得到在多數(shù)條件下，封閉空間可燃?xì)鉂舛葧笥谄浔ㄉ舷薅ケㄐ浴＝Y(jié)合現(xiàn)場煤自燃形式，指出了工作面煤柱、頂煤和上鄰近煤層提前氧化區(qū)域在壓裂或冒落進(jìn)采空區(qū)時(shí)易引燃瓦斯。 為了得到上隅角不同空間特性下瓦斯燃燒規(guī)律，基于上隅角瓦斯燃燒實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺，設(shè)計(jì)了自由空間、充填矸石、瓦斯包和風(fēng)扇干擾條件下的瓦斯燃燒實(shí)驗(yàn)，通過高速攝像和測溫系統(tǒng)記錄燃燒過程和溫度，分析了不同條件下的CH_4燃燒過程，得到了自由空間下7.8%和21%瓦斯燃燒速度較慢，從而提出了現(xiàn)場可能存在低濃度和高濃度瓦斯燃燒；充填矸石使得瓦斯不易引燃，但引燃后燃燒速度加快和強(qiáng)度增強(qiáng)，易形成爆炸；瓦斯包燃燒時(shí)，燃燒波的多次疊加增加了爆炸的破壞性；風(fēng)扇干擾條件下，瓦斯不易引燃，但引燃后燃燒速度加快，且風(fēng)扇干擾使瓦斯燃燒易在矸石內(nèi)部傳播，增加了撲滅瓦斯燃燒的困難度。對瓦斯燃燒時(shí)間和條件的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了分析，得出了自由空間初始階段瓦斯燃燒速度為幾到幾百厘米每秒；對不同條件下瓦斯燃燒溫度進(jìn)行定性分析，驗(yàn)證了瓦斯燃燒的傳播過程。 為了保證6135試驗(yàn)工作面順利回采，開展了現(xiàn)場煤自燃誘發(fā)瓦斯防治研究。通過氣體和溫度觀測，驗(yàn)證了機(jī)巷煤柱和上鄰近煤層為該工作面自燃引燃瓦斯區(qū)域。針對“Y”型通風(fēng)方式，在模型假設(shè)和連續(xù)定量穩(wěn)定釋放SF6的基礎(chǔ)上建立了工作面漏風(fēng)定量計(jì)算模型，開展漏風(fēng)測試，得出了該工作面下隅角向采空區(qū)漏風(fēng)較大，漏風(fēng)率為-23.35%�；跀�(shù)值模擬技術(shù)對6135采空區(qū)自燃“三帶”和瓦斯爆炸濃度范圍進(jìn)行模擬，得到了易發(fā)生自燃引燃瓦斯的區(qū)域。針對試驗(yàn)工作面自燃危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域，提出了預(yù)注阻化液、注三相泡沫和液態(tài)CO_2等措施進(jìn)行防滅火，結(jié)果顯示，對60煤預(yù)注阻化液可以很好的預(yù)防上鄰近煤層的自燃問題；大量灌注三相泡沫和液態(tài)CO_2很好的控制了機(jī)巷自燃點(diǎn)，保證了工作面順利開采和收作，取得了很好的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。
[Abstract]:Gas combustion in goaf is one of the frequent accidents in coal mine. With the deepening of coal mining level, gas emission and ground temperature increase continuously, which makes spontaneous combustion induced gas combustion become an important form. Blindness, this paper focuses on the goaf coal spontaneous combustion induced by the law of gas combustion and prevention were studied, the results are conducive to reducing the occurrence of goaf gas combustion accidents.
In order to control the spontaneous combustion of coal in goaf, the law of spontaneous combustion and gas emission in stope was studied based on the theory of rock pressure. The stress distribution in stope was analyzed, and it was concluded that the stress "three zones" would gradually form in the direction and inclination of stope, which resulted in the formation of three zones of caving and gas emission in the vertical direction of overlying strata. The "O" type compaction area is formed in the goaf caving zone, which causes the "U" type air leakage in front of the goaf and the "M" type air leakage after the goaf. Effective means of gas combustion induced by less spontaneous combustion.
On the basis of analyzing the theory of spontaneous combustion ignition gas, this paper designs and processes the experimental platform of high temperature coal ignition gas, and carries out the experiment of high temperature coal ignition gas combustion. In the high temperature stage, the heating power increases the concentration of O_2, the concentration of N_2 increases first and then decreases, and the concentration of other gases decreases. When the initial concentration of CH_4 increases, the concentration of O_2 decreases first and then increases, the concentration of CH_4 increases, and the concentration of other gases decreases. When the depth of the source increases, the concentration of O_2 increases, the concentration of N_2 decreases first and then increases, and the concentration of other gases decreases. The relationship between the concentration of combustible gas in the enclosed space and its explosion limit is analyzed by using MATLAB. It is found that under most conditions, the concentration of combustible gas in the enclosed space will be greater than the upper explosion limit and the explosivity will be lost. Combined with the spontaneous combustion form of coal, it is pointed out that the coal pillar, top coal and adjacent coal seam oxidation area in advance are easy to ignite gas when fracturing or caving into goaf.
In order to obtain the law of gas combustion under different spatial characteristics of the upper corner, based on the experimental platform of gas combustion in the upper corner, a gas combustion experiment was designed under the interference of free space, filling gangue, gas bag and fan. The combustion process and temperature were recorded by high-speed camera and temperature measurement system, and the combustion process of CH_4 under different conditions was analyzed. The combustion rate of 7.8% and 21% gas in free space is relatively slow, so it is suggested that there may be low concentration and high concentration gas combustion in the field; filling gangue makes the gas not easy to ignite, but the combustion speed and intensity increase after ignition, easy to form explosion; when the gas bag burns, the multiple superposition of combustion wave increases the destructive effect of explosion; Under the condition of fan interference, gas is not easy to ignite, but the combustion speed is accelerated after ignition, and the fan interference makes the gas combustion propagate easily in the gangue, which increases the difficulty of extinguishing gas combustion. Second, qualitative analysis of gas combustion temperature under different conditions verified the propagation of gas combustion.
In order to ensure the smooth mining of 6135 test face, the study on prevention and control of coal spontaneous combustion-induced gas has been carried out. Through gas and temperature observation, the coal pillar and the adjacent coal seam in the machine roadway are verified to be the spontaneous combustion-ignited gas area of the working face. Quantitative calculation model of air leakage in working face was developed and air leakage test was carried out. The result shows that the air leakage rate is - 23.35% in the goaf at the lower corner of the working face. In dangerous area, some measures such as pre-injection of retardant liquid, injection of three-phase foam and liquid CO_2 are put forward to prevent and extinguish the fire. The results show that pre-injection of retardant liquid to 60 coal can prevent spontaneous combustion of adjacent coal seams very well; a large number of three-phase foam and liquid CO_2 well control the spontaneous combustion point of machine roadway, and ensure the smooth mining and harvesting of the working face. Good economic benefits.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TD712.7

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