【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)煤炭開(kāi)采深度的增大,煤層回采后工作面底板破斷、突水災(zāi)害正呈逐年遞增的趨勢(shì)。煤層底板采動(dòng)破壞后不但易出現(xiàn)底臌變形,而且因其承載強(qiáng)度急劇降低而易發(fā)生機(jī)架下陷,增加了移架難度。此外,帶壓開(kāi)采條件下,底板采動(dòng)破壞減小了煤層底板的隔水層厚度,導(dǎo)致底板阻水能力降低,增大了底板突水的危險(xiǎn)性。因此,動(dòng)態(tài)實(shí)時(shí)獲取和預(yù)測(cè)煤層底板采動(dòng)破壞深度對(duì)于研究煤層底板阻水能力發(fā)揮著重要的作用。本文以山西平朔井工一礦9煤底板突水危險(xiǎn)性為研究對(duì)象,綜合利用理論分析、數(shù)值模擬、微震監(jiān)測(cè)等技術(shù)手段,對(duì)煤層底板采動(dòng)變形規(guī)律和破壞深度開(kāi)展研究,并取得以下主要研究成果： (1)通過(guò)理論分析煤層底板采動(dòng)應(yīng)力狀態(tài),得到了支撐壓力變化規(guī)律與底板巖體走向應(yīng)力分布及傳播規(guī)律；利用離散元數(shù)值模擬軟件,獲取了采動(dòng)過(guò)程中煤層底板應(yīng)力場(chǎng)與裂隙場(chǎng)演化規(guī)律。 (2)對(duì)山西平朔井工一礦9煤19106工作面回采過(guò)程進(jìn)行微震實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè),開(kāi)展了微地震波傳播規(guī)律研究。采用最短距離聚類法進(jìn)行聚類,以歐氏距離表示微震事件之間的距離,通過(guò)計(jì)算微震事件之間的距離來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)其親疏程度,根據(jù)其遠(yuǎn)近程度進(jìn)行合理分類,最終構(gòu)建了底板采動(dòng)破壞深度微震實(shí)時(shí)獲取的一般模式。 (3)基于統(tǒng)一強(qiáng)度理論,推導(dǎo)了底板采動(dòng)破壞深度普適性公式。利用平朔井工一礦9煤19106回采工作面現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)測(cè)的底板采動(dòng)破壞深度數(shù)據(jù)樣本集,反演得到中間主應(yīng)力參數(shù)b,構(gòu)建了適用于井工一礦9煤的底板采動(dòng)破壞深度公式。 (4)基于未確知數(shù)學(xué)理論,開(kāi)展底板采動(dòng)破壞深度動(dòng)態(tài)預(yù)測(cè)研究。根據(jù)山西平朔井工一礦微震監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果,利用未確知聚類優(yōu)化法,選取采深、煤層傾角、采厚、構(gòu)造影響程度4個(gè)主要影響因素作為判別指標(biāo),建立了煤層底板采動(dòng)破壞深度動(dòng)態(tài)預(yù)測(cè)模型,并進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證,驗(yàn)證結(jié)果表明：該方法構(gòu)建的底板采動(dòng)破壞深度動(dòng)態(tài)預(yù)測(cè)模型是可靠實(shí)用的,可以在同類礦山進(jìn)行推廣應(yīng)用。 (5)提出動(dòng)突水系數(shù)概念并對(duì)19106回采工作面底板突水可能性進(jìn)行了計(jì)算。利用突變理論,結(jié)合微地震監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果獲取底板穩(wěn)定隔水層厚度,確定動(dòng)突水系數(shù),并應(yīng)用于山西平朔井工一礦19106回采工作面突水可能性評(píng)價(jià),結(jié)果表明：19106工作面回采期間突水危險(xiǎn)性較小。
[Abstract]:With the increase of coal mining depth in China, the coal face floor is broken and the water inrush is increasing year by year. Not only floor heave deformation is easy to occur after mining failure of coal seam floor, but also the frame subsidence is easy to occur because of the sharp decrease of bearing strength, which makes it more difficult to move the frame. In addition, under the condition of mining with pressure, the mining failure of the floor reduces the thickness of the water barrier layer of the coal seam floor, which results in the decrease of the water resistance of the floor and increases the risk of the water inrush of the floor. Therefore, dynamic real-time acquisition and prediction of mining failure depth of coal seam floor plays an important role in studying the water resistance capacity of coal seam floor. Taking the risk of water inrush from No. 9 coal floor in Gongyi Mine of Pingshuo well, Shanxi Province, as the research object, this paper makes comprehensive use of technical means such as theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and microseismic monitoring to study the law of mining deformation and the depth of failure of coal seam floor. The main research results are as follows: (1) through theoretical analysis of mining stress state of coal seam floor, the variation law of supporting pressure and stress distribution and propagation law of rock mass strike are obtained, and the discrete element numerical simulation software is used. The evolution law of stress field and fracture field of coal seam floor during mining process is obtained. (2) the micro-seismic real-time monitoring of the mining process of No. 9 19106 coal face in Pingshuo Coal Mine Shanxi Province is carried out and the propagation law of micro-seismic wave is studied. The shortest distance clustering method is used to cluster, the Euclidean distance is used to represent the distance between microseismic events, and the distance between microseismic events is calculated to evaluate the degree of familiarity. Finally, a general model for real-time acquisition of mining failure depth of floor is constructed. (3) based on the unified strength theory, the universal formula for mining failure depth of floor is derived. In this paper, the sample set of floor mining failure depth measured in No. 9 coal mining face 19106 of Pingshuo mine is used. The intermediate principal stress parameter b is obtained and the mining failure depth formula suitable for No. 9 coal in Jinggong No. 1 Coal Mine is established. (4) based on the unascertained mathematical theory, the dynamic prediction of the floor mining failure depth is carried out. Based on the results of microseismic monitoring in Pingshuo Jinggong No. 1 Mine in Shanxi Province, four main influencing factors, such as mining depth, coal seam dip angle, mining thickness and structural influence degree, are selected as discriminant indexes by using unascertained clustering optimization method. The dynamic prediction model of mining failure depth of coal seam floor is established and verified. The results show that the dynamic prediction model of mining failure depth of coal seam floor is reliable and practical. It can be popularized and applied in similar mines. (5) the concept of dynamic water inrush coefficient is put forward and the possibility of water inrush on the floor of 19106 mining face is calculated. Based on the catastrophe theory and the results of microseismic monitoring, the thickness of the stable diaphragm is obtained, and the coefficient of dynamic water inrush is determined. It is applied to the evaluation of the possibility of water inrush in 19106 mining face of Pingshuo mine, Shanxi Province. The results show that the risk of water inrush is relatively small during the mining period of the working face Wei 19106.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TD745

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