【摘要】：貴州省具有豐富的煤炭資源,是我國南方最大產煤省區(qū),同時貴州是我國主要巖溶地貌分布區(qū),超過70%的土地是典型的喀斯特地貌。復雜的地形及其分布不均勻的地表、地下巖溶地貌與巖溶含水層,造就了地下水系統(tǒng)復雜性。特別是賦存于徑流帶內水量大而極不均勻的巖溶水,給巖溶充水礦井的水害防治帶來極大威脅與挑戰(zhàn)。論文以黔北畢節(jié)地區(qū)小屯煤礦為例,以已有水文地質資料為基礎,開展野外水文地質調查。小屯煤區(qū)巖溶發(fā)育受地層巖性、地質構造和水動力條件的影響,形成礦區(qū)內巖溶個體形態(tài)的多樣性;將玉龍山灰?guī)r按照巖溶垂向發(fā)育程度,劃分為巖溶強徑流帶、溶蝕裂隙充水帶、巖溶空隙充填帶三個帶。設計實施連通試驗探查強徑流帶的泄水通道,推測強徑流帶泄水管道在玉龍山上亞段中。利用示蹤劑時間穿透曲線求得示蹤劑回收率約為45%;示蹤劑平均滯留時間5.75 h;示蹤劑平均運移速度0.065 m/s;泄水通道系統(tǒng)體積為862.5m3;強徑流帶的平均雷諾數為43668,為強紊流態(tài)。分析強徑流帶周圍鉆孔數據,測試頂板巖石力學性質,按巖芯RQD值和巖石堅硬程度評價覆巖工程地質條件,將主采煤層頂板巖性劃分為中硬。利用RFPA2D軟件模擬了小屯煤礦頂板巖性組合下煤層開采覆巖裂隙演化過程,數值模擬的裂隙發(fā)育到沙堡灣段粉砂巖中;煤層開采影響下,玉龍山段巖層垂向位移最大值為62 mm,應力分布呈現明顯的三個區(qū),即應力升高區(qū),應力降低區(qū),原巖應力區(qū);受采動影響,泥質灰?guī)r中的巖溶微裂隙、溶蝕孔隙等可能會加速發(fā)育,隔水性能減弱,滲透系數增大。
[Abstract]:Guizhou Province is rich in coal resources and is the largest coal-producing province in the south of China. Guizhou is the main karst landform distribution area in China. More than 70% of the land is a typical karst landform. The complex topography, uneven distribution of surface, underground karst landform and karst aquifer make the groundwater system complex. Especially the karst water which exists in the runoff zone with a large amount of water and extremely uneven water brings great threat and challenge to the prevention and treatment of water hazard in the karst water-filled mine. Taking Xiaotun coal mine in Bijie area of northern Guizhou as an example, based on the existing hydrogeological data, the field hydrogeological investigation is carried out. The karst development in Xiaotun coal area is influenced by stratigraphic lithology, geological structure and hydrodynamic conditions, forming the diversity of karst individual morphology in the mining area, the Yulongshan limestone is divided into karst strong runoff zone according to the karst vertical development degree. There are three zones of karst void filling zone and water filling zone of dissolution fissure. The drainage channel of strong runoff zone is designed and explored by connecting test, and it is inferred that the drainage pipeline of strong runoff belt is in Yulong Mountain subsection. The tracer recovery is about 455h, the average retention time is 5.75h, the average migration speed of tracer is 0.065 m / s, the volume of drainage channel system is 862.5m3, and the average Reynolds number of strong runoff zone is 43668, which is a strong turbulent state. The borehole data around the strong runoff zone are analyzed, the mechanical properties of roof rock are tested, the engineering geological conditions of overburden rock are evaluated according to the RQD value of core and the degree of rock hardness, and the roof lithology of main mining seam is divided into medium hardness. The evolution process of overburden cracks in coal seam mining under roof lithology combination of Xiaotun coal mine is simulated by RFPA2D software. The maximum vertical displacement of the rock layer in Yulong Mountain is 62 mm, and the stress distribution is obvious in three areas, namely, the area of increasing stress, the area of decreasing stress, the area of stress of original rock, the karst microfracture in marsh limestone affected by mining, the maximum value of vertical displacement of rock layer is 62 mm, and the distribution of stress is obvious. The dissolution pores may accelerate the development, weaken the water insulation and increase the permeability coefficient.
【學位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD745

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