【摘要】：近十年,隨著世界海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛速發(fā)展,如何合理有效地開發(fā)和利用海洋資源、保護(hù)海洋健康有序的生態(tài)環(huán)境以及怎樣防御和讓海洋災(zāi)害損失達(dá)到最小化,對(duì)于提高海洋資源可持續(xù)發(fā)展的能力、促進(jìn)海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)朝著更加健康的方向發(fā)展具有重要的戰(zhàn)略意義。經(jīng)各項(xiàng)研究和報(bào)道顯示,溢油成為了目前最為嚴(yán)重的海洋災(zāi)害之一。溢油突發(fā)性強(qiáng)、危害性大,一旦溢油事件發(fā)生,除了會(huì)對(duì)海洋生態(tài)平衡帶來嚴(yán)重破壞,同時(shí)也會(huì)讓沿岸地區(qū)蒙受經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。鑒于船舶溢油事故危險(xiǎn)性大、突發(fā)性高、性質(zhì)復(fù)雜等特點(diǎn),溢油應(yīng)急反應(yīng)顯得尤為重要,溢油圍控措施中最常用和有效的設(shè)備器材是圍油欄,它的主要作用是：圍控和集中、溢油導(dǎo)流和防止?jié)撛谝缬偷取?本文的研究基礎(chǔ)建立在以下模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)和計(jì)算中：通過多組數(shù)值模擬分析水流速度溢油品質(zhì)對(duì)圍油欄攔油量的影響；建立圍油欄物理模型,并編寫多個(gè)用戶自定義函數(shù)；建立數(shù)值波浪水池,采用推板造波法模擬數(shù)值波浪；實(shí)現(xiàn)了圍油欄在受船舶牽引狀態(tài)下的隨動(dòng)模擬；實(shí)現(xiàn)三維數(shù)值造波,提出一種仿物理消波結(jié)構(gòu)并很好地實(shí)現(xiàn)消波；在隨動(dòng)的狀態(tài)下比較幾種結(jié)構(gòu)的圍油欄的攔截效果；研究對(duì)比不同形狀圍油欄在不同海況下的受力情況,綜合以上模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果對(duì)其進(jìn)行優(yōu)化選取。 此外,本文還分析研究了幾種結(jié)構(gòu)不同的圍油欄在圍控溢油過程中對(duì)攔油產(chǎn)生不同效果的影響因素。模擬了在有鳳、波浪和水流的不同作用下,溢油密度及圍油欄的不同結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)圍油欄攔油特征的不同影響。在其他外部條件相同的情況下,再次對(duì)這些優(yōu)化的圍油欄進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算,通過對(duì)其受壓和受力情況進(jìn)行分析,進(jìn)而對(duì)整體結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較,說明圍油欄自身的形狀對(duì)攔油效果是否能產(chǎn)生影響。在千變?nèi)f化的海況中,為選擇最優(yōu)結(jié)構(gòu)圍油欄提供依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:In the past ten years, with the rapid development of the world marine economy, how to develop and utilize marine resources reasonably and effectively, how to protect the healthy and orderly ecological environment of the ocean, how to prevent and minimize the damage caused by marine disasters, It is of great strategic significance to improve the ability of sustainable development of marine resources and promote the development of marine economy towards a more healthy direction. According to various studies and reports, oil spill has become one of the most serious marine disasters. Oil spills are sudden and harmful. Once oil spill occurs, it will not only seriously damage the marine ecological balance, but also make the coastal areas suffer economic losses. In view of the characteristics of ship oil spill accidents, such as high risk, sudden high, complex nature, oil spill emergency response is particularly important. The most commonly used and effective equipment and equipment in oil spill control measures is the oil enclosure, the main role of which is to control and centralize oil spill. Oil spill diversion and prevention of potential oil spills, etc. The research foundation of this paper is based on the following simulation experiments and calculations: the influence of flow velocity and oil spill quality on the amount of oil barrier is analyzed by numerical simulation, the physical model of oil containment column is established, and several user-defined functions are compiled. The numerical wave pool is established, and the numerical wave is simulated by the method of pushing plate, and the following simulation of the oil fence under the condition of the ship's towing is realized, and the three-dimensional numerical wave generation is realized, and a kind of simulated physical wave canceling structure is proposed and the wave elimination is realized well. The intercepting effect of the oil barrier with several structures is compared in the following state, and the stress situation of the oil enclosure with different shapes under different sea conditions is studied and optimized by synthesizing the simulation results above. In addition, this paper also analyzes and studies the factors that affect the different effects of several kinds of oil containment bars in the process of oil spill control. The effects of oil spill density and the different structure of the oil barrier on the characteristics of the oil barrier were simulated under the different action of the Phoenix, wave and current. When other external conditions are the same, numerical simulation of these optimized containment columns is carried out again, and then the overall results are compared by analyzing the pressure and force. It shows whether the shape of the oil barrier has an effect on the oil blocking effect. In the ever-changing sea conditions, the selection of the optimal structure of the oil column provides the basis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：U698.7

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本文編號(hào)：2187724