【摘要】：隨著世界各國(guó)對(duì)核事故危害的重視,其對(duì)核事故的防護(hù)研究也越加深入,但是國(guó)內(nèi)目前對(duì)于人防坑道對(duì)核化灰塵的防護(hù)研究甚少。本文將噴霧除塵的技術(shù)應(yīng)用于坑道口部,設(shè)計(jì)一套隔離阻斷系統(tǒng),將核化灰塵阻隔在坑道口部之外,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)坑道內(nèi)部人員及裝備的防護(hù)。 本文主要從以下幾方面開展研究工作。 (1)通過對(duì)慣性碰撞和截獲捕集的分析,探討了噴霧降塵機(jī)理；分析了影響噴霧降塵效率的主要因素,包括水霧粒徑、霧化均勻度、單位體積內(nèi)水霧顆粒數(shù)量以及水霧顆粒的運(yùn)動(dòng)速度；比較直射式霧化、旋轉(zhuǎn)式霧化和離心式霧化等三種霧化方式,選取適合本文的霧化方式。 (2)隔離阻斷系統(tǒng)中最關(guān)鍵的部分為噴頭的設(shè)計(jì)。噴頭設(shè)計(jì)需要計(jì)算的關(guān)鍵尺寸為噴嘴口徑、收縮角及內(nèi)腔直徑三個(gè)變量,本文主要通過FLUENT仿真進(jìn)行尺寸計(jì)算。在對(duì)某一變量進(jìn)行仿真計(jì)算時(shí),其他兩個(gè)變量設(shè)定為固定值。通過FLUENT仿真計(jì)算出噴嘴各部分尺寸,使噴嘴在2MPa的工作壓力下噴射速度最大,噴射角滿足要求。 (3)通過FLUENT多項(xiàng)流模型模擬噴嘴噴射的水霧對(duì)核化灰塵的沉降情況。首先模擬核化灰塵以5m/s初速度進(jìn)入坑道,計(jì)算出其在重力的作用下的自然沉降,核化灰塵在坑道內(nèi)的最遠(yuǎn)飄散距離。使用隔離阻斷系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行噴霧降塵,重新通過FLUENT模擬得出核化灰塵的飄散距離,比較隔離阻斷對(duì)核化灰塵的沉降效果。 (4)設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)試驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行隔離阻斷效果試驗(yàn)。通過試驗(yàn)測(cè)量單排噴頭對(duì)核化灰塵的沉降效率,如果單排噴頭阻隔效率不能高于85%,則將單排噴頭改為雙排噴頭,再進(jìn)行隔離阻斷試驗(yàn),直至阻隔效率達(dá)到85%。
[Abstract]:With the attention of countries in the world to the damage of nuclear accidents, the research on the protection of nuclear accidents is more and more in-depth, but there is little research on the protection of nuclear dust in civil air defense tunnels at present. In this paper, the technology of spray dust removal is applied to the entrance of the tunnel, and a set of isolation and blocking system is designed. The nuclear dust is blocked outside the entrance of the tunnel to protect the personnel and equipment inside the tunnel. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) through the analysis of inertial collision and interception, the mechanism of spray dust reduction is discussed, and the main factors affecting the efficiency of spray dust reduction, including the particle size of water mist, are analyzed. The atomization uniformity, the number of water mist particles per unit volume and the moving speed of water mist particles are compared among the three atomization modes: direct atomization, rotary atomization and centrifugal atomization. The suitable atomization method is selected. (2) the most important part of the isolation and blocking system is the design of the nozzle. The key dimensions to be calculated for nozzle design are nozzle caliber, shrinkage angle and inner cavity diameter. This paper mainly calculates the dimensions by FLUENT simulation. When a certain variable is simulated, the other two variables are set to a fixed value. The size of each part of the nozzle is calculated by FLUENT simulation, which makes the jet speed maximum under the working pressure of 2MPa, and the injection angle meets the requirements. (3) the sedimentation of the jet water mist on the nucleated dust is simulated by the FLUENT multi-flow model. Firstly, the natural deposition of the nucleated dust under the action of gravity was calculated at the initial velocity of 5m/s, and the farthest distance of the nucleated dust in the tunnel was calculated. Using the isolation blocking system to spray dust, the dispersion distance of the nuclear dust was obtained by FLUENT simulation, and the effect of the isolation blocking on the deposition of the nuclear dust was compared. (4) A test system was designed to test the isolation blocking effect. The sedimentation efficiency of single row nozzle on nuclear dust was measured by experiment. If the barrier efficiency of single row nozzle is not higher than 85%, the single row nozzle should be changed into double row nozzle, and then the isolation blocking test will be carried out until the barrier efficiency reaches 85%.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU897;TL7

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本文編號(hào)：2176913