【摘要】：在非接觸式機(jī)械故障診斷及室內(nèi)噪聲控制領(lǐng)域，空間聲場(chǎng)成像意義重大。而基于麥克風(fēng)陣列的波束形成方法是當(dāng)前較為穩(wěn)定可靠的噪聲源識(shí)別成像技術(shù)，其主要依據(jù)陣列面上不同位置的麥克風(fēng)接收到的聲波信號(hào)相位差，人為加以特定掃描補(bǔ)償，以達(dá)到對(duì)被測(cè)目標(biāo)聲源空間方位以及能量強(qiáng)度進(jìn)行重建識(shí)別的目的。依照生成的空間場(chǎng)強(qiáng)云圖進(jìn)而對(duì)機(jī)械設(shè)備特性加以分析。 文章以分布式陣源測(cè)量技術(shù)引出波束形成聲源成像方法，對(duì)波束在平面波與球面波兩種聲場(chǎng)背景下的聚焦形成原理進(jìn)行論述，通過數(shù)學(xué)推演與仿真對(duì)比，對(duì)制約成像分辨率以及截止頻率的空間采樣率，陣元間隔，陣元數(shù)目，陣列張角以及測(cè)量距離等參數(shù)進(jìn)行研究，得出了優(yōu)良識(shí)別效果所應(yīng)具備的優(yōu)化陣元參數(shù)。在一維陣列的基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)了八組平面麥克風(fēng)陣列，應(yīng)用不同的評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)，證明了非規(guī)則旋轉(zhuǎn)車輪陣的成像優(yōu)勢(shì)所在。為解決頻帶受限以及分辨率不足所引起的虛像問題，又分析設(shè)計(jì)出三維立體空間陣，經(jīng)對(duì)比驗(yàn)證，該陣列性能表現(xiàn)穩(wěn)定可靠，在同等麥克風(fēng)數(shù)目下，進(jìn)一步改善了近場(chǎng)聲源成像效果。為更好的應(yīng)用于實(shí)際噪聲控制工程中，對(duì)基于波束形成互功率譜改進(jìn)算法進(jìn)行了研究，實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證，該算法不但能夠聚焦主瓣，削減旁瓣，還有突出的濾除工業(yè)背景噪聲干擾的能力。為滿足聲學(xué)診斷的要求，采用波束頻域變化算法，在復(fù)雜多聲源情況下，對(duì)不同頻率，不同幅值的聲源又進(jìn)行了分離提取。依托中石油吉林石化公司乙二醇?jí)嚎s機(jī)房的噪聲治理項(xiàng)目，應(yīng)用波束形成方法，在以往相位補(bǔ)償?shù)幕A(chǔ)上又加入幅值補(bǔ)償校準(zhǔn)處理，，經(jīng)與手持式聲級(jí)計(jì)對(duì)比測(cè)試，證明了該校準(zhǔn)處理的真實(shí)可行性。通過對(duì)車間噪聲源進(jìn)行分析識(shí)別，采用對(duì)壓縮機(jī)房各個(gè)位置安裝隔聲罩，阻尼隔聲板，聲屏障，空間吸聲體的方案，達(dá)到降噪治理的預(yù)期目標(biāo)。
[Abstract]:In the field of non-contact mechanical fault diagnosis and indoor noise control, spatial acoustic field imaging is of great significance. However, the beamforming method based on microphone array is a stable and reliable method for identifying and imaging noise sources. It is mainly based on the phase difference of acoustic signals received by microphone at different positions on the array surface and is compensated by special scanning. In order to achieve the goal of reconstruction and identification of the target sound source spatial orientation and energy intensity. According to the generated spatial field intensity cloud map, the characteristics of mechanical equipment are analyzed. In this paper, the beamforming sound source imaging method is introduced by using distributed array source measurement technology. The focusing principle of beam-forming under the background of plane wave and spherical wave is discussed, and the mathematical deduction and simulation are compared. The parameters such as spatial sampling rate, array spacing, array number, array angle and measurement distance, which restrict the imaging resolution and cut-off frequency, are studied, and the optimized array element parameters are obtained for the excellent recognition effect. Eight sets of planar microphone arrays are designed on the basis of one-dimensional array. Different evaluation indexes are used to prove the advantage of irregular rotating wheel array. In order to solve the problem of virtual image caused by limited frequency band and insufficient resolution, the three-dimensional spatial array is also analyzed and designed. The performance of the array is proved to be stable and reliable under the same number of microphones. The near field sound source imaging effect is further improved. In order to be better applied to the actual noise control engineering, the improved cross-power spectrum algorithm based on beamforming is studied. The experimental results show that the algorithm can not only focus on the main lobe, but also reduce the sidelobe. There is also a prominent ability to filter industrial background noise interference. In order to meet the requirements of acoustic diagnosis, the beam-beam frequency-domain variation algorithm is used to separate and extract the sound sources with different frequencies and amplitudes in the case of complex multi-sound sources. Relying on the noise control project of ethylene glycol compressor room of PetroChina Jilin Petrochemical Company, applying the beamforming method and adding amplitude compensation calibration processing on the basis of previous phase compensation, the noise control project has been compared with the hand-held sound level meter. The feasibility of the calibration process is proved. Through the analysis and identification of the noise sources in the workshop, the scheme of installing the sound isolating cover, damping the sound insulation board, the sound barrier and the space sound absorber to each position of the compressor room is adopted to achieve the expected goal of noise reduction and control.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TB535

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