【摘要】：強(qiáng)風(fēng)不僅會(huì)加劇橋梁的振動(dòng),降低結(jié)構(gòu)的疲勞壽命和耐久性,還會(huì)使橋上通行車輛產(chǎn)生安全性和舒適性問題。為減少大風(fēng)災(zāi)害天氣中橋上交通事故的發(fā)生,沿橋面設(shè)置風(fēng)屏障已成為保障車輛行駛安全性的有效措施之一。本文基于風(fēng)—汽車—橋梁系統(tǒng)耦合振動(dòng)分析理論,圍繞橋上車輛的行駛安全性和舒適性及風(fēng)屏障的影響問題,開展了如下主要研究工作：(1)提出了基于IFFT變換技術(shù)的一維多變量平穩(wěn)隨機(jī)風(fēng)場(chǎng)模擬方法。該方法利用共軛對(duì)稱序列逆傅立葉變換(IFFT)相位角為零的特性,在頻域構(gòu)造復(fù)共軛序列,通過一次IFFT變換直接生成單點(diǎn)脈動(dòng)風(fēng)速時(shí)程。該方法不僅消除了三角函數(shù)疊加的運(yùn)算工作量,同時(shí)極大的減少了IFFT執(zhí)行的次數(shù),使得模擬方法的計(jì)算效率更高。數(shù)學(xué)分析表明,隨機(jī)樣本的均值和自相關(guān)函數(shù)滿足各態(tài)歷經(jīng)性；樣本周期足夠長時(shí),互相關(guān)函數(shù)同樣滿足各態(tài)歷經(jīng)性。(2)建立了風(fēng)—汽車—橋梁系統(tǒng)的耦合振動(dòng)分析模型。根據(jù)典型的公路車輛類型,建立了13個(gè)自由度的兩軸車輛和24個(gè)獨(dú)立自由度的四軸拖掛車輛動(dòng)力學(xué)分析模型,論述了輪胎偏轉(zhuǎn)特性對(duì)車輛動(dòng)力學(xué)方程的影響。闡述了汽車、橋梁相互作用原理。根據(jù)隨機(jī)路面激勵(lì)的相干函數(shù)模型,基于IFFT變換方法,提出了一種考慮相干函數(shù)模型的路面不平度時(shí)域樣本模擬方法。探討了風(fēng)對(duì)橋梁的氣動(dòng)力作用,考慮到移動(dòng)車輛的運(yùn)動(dòng)特性及自然風(fēng)環(huán)境中水平和豎向脈動(dòng)風(fēng)對(duì)移動(dòng)車輛瞬態(tài)風(fēng)偏角和風(fēng)攻角的影響,推導(dǎo)了適用于移動(dòng)車輛三維繞流特性的精細(xì)化氣動(dòng)力表達(dá)式,能較為真實(shí)的反映公路移動(dòng)車輛所受的風(fēng)荷載。在此基礎(chǔ)上,建立了風(fēng)—汽車—橋梁系統(tǒng)的耦合振動(dòng)分析方程。(3)編制了風(fēng)—汽車—橋梁系統(tǒng)耦合振動(dòng)分析程序。基于MFC程序設(shè)計(jì)框架和OpenGL三維顯示技術(shù),在Visual Studio 9.0平臺(tái)上編制了風(fēng)—汽車—橋梁耦合振動(dòng)分析程序WVBANSYS,分別驗(yàn)證了車—橋耦合程序,橋梁時(shí)域顫振分析程序,時(shí)域抖振分析程序,從而間接驗(yàn)證了風(fēng)—汽車—橋梁程序計(jì)算功能的正確性和可靠性。(4)研究了風(fēng)—汽車—橋梁耦合振動(dòng)系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力響應(yīng)的影響因素和變化規(guī)律�；谲囕v的響應(yīng)特性,改進(jìn)了風(fēng)致車輛側(cè)傾和側(cè)滑事故的評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),探討了基于ISO 2631標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的行車舒適性評(píng)價(jià)準(zhǔn)則。圍繞側(cè)風(fēng)環(huán)境下公路車輛的行駛安全性和舒適性問題,可得如下結(jié)論：氣動(dòng)力風(fēng)偏角導(dǎo)數(shù)dC/dψ降低了車輛行駛的安全性和舒適性,輪胎側(cè)偏特性降低了車輛行駛舒適性評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)；路面不平度相干函數(shù)差異導(dǎo)致車輛的動(dòng)力響應(yīng)產(chǎn)生較為顯著的差異。風(fēng)速和車速較高、車輛位于迎風(fēng)側(cè)車道和道路狀況較差,這些因素會(huì)降低車輛的安全性和舒適性指標(biāo)。(5)研究了風(fēng)屏障對(duì)橋面局部風(fēng)環(huán)境和車輛行駛安全性的影響。在風(fēng)洞試驗(yàn)中研究了風(fēng)屏障透風(fēng)率對(duì)橋面流場(chǎng)平均風(fēng)速和平均湍流強(qiáng)度分布特性以及不同類型公路車輛氣動(dòng)力特性的影響。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,風(fēng)屏障降低了橋面平均風(fēng)速和湍流強(qiáng)度,有效地降低了車輛所受的氣動(dòng)力大小。靜力簡化分析和耦合動(dòng)力分析結(jié)果表明,無風(fēng)屏障時(shí)大型集裝箱車最容易發(fā)生側(cè)傾和側(cè)滑安全事故；風(fēng)屏障顯著地提高了車輛安全行駛的臨界風(fēng)速,且車輛的行駛臨界風(fēng)速隨風(fēng)屏障透風(fēng)率的降低逐漸提高。
[Abstract]:Strong wind will not only aggravate the vibration of the bridge, reduce the fatigue life and durability of the structure, but also cause the safety and comfort of the vehicle on the bridge. In order to reduce the traffic accidents on the bridge in the weather of heavy wind disaster, setting the wind barrier along the bridge surface has become one of the effective measures to ensure the safety of the vehicle. The theory of coupling vibration analysis of vehicle bridge system has been carried out as follows: (1) a one-dimensional multi variable stationary random wind field simulation method based on IFFT transform technology is proposed. The method uses the conjugate symmetric sequence inverse Fu Liye transform (IFFT) phase. In the frequency domain, the complex conjugate sequence is constructed and the single point pulse wind speed time history is generated directly by one time IFFT transform. This method not only eliminates the operation workload of the superposition of the trigonometric function, but also greatly reduces the number of IFFT execution times, making the calculation efficiency of the simulation method higher. The mathematical analysis shows the mean value of the random sample. And the autocorrelation function satisfies all state calendar. When the sample period is long enough, the cross correlation function also satisfies all state calendar. (2) the coupled vibration analysis model of the wind vehicle bridge system is established. According to the typical road vehicle types, the two axle vehicles with 13 degrees of freedom and the four axle towing vehicle power of 24 independent degrees of freedom are established. The influence of tire deflection characteristics to the dynamic equation of vehicle is discussed. The interaction principle of vehicle and bridge is expounded. Based on the coherent function model of the random road excitation, based on the IFFT transformation method, a method to simulate the time domain of the road roughness is proposed, which considers the coherence function model. The aerodynamic performance of the bridge is discussed. Considering the motion characteristics of mobile vehicles and the influence of horizontal and vertical pulsating wind on the transient wind deflection angle and wind attack angle of mobile vehicles in natural wind environment, a fine aerodynamic expression applicable to the three-dimensional flow characteristics of mobile vehicles is derived, which can more truly reflect the wind load on the public road mobile vehicles. The coupled vibration analysis equation of wind vehicle bridge system is established. (3) the coupled vibration analysis program of wind vehicle bridge system is compiled. Based on the MFC program design frame and OpenGL 3D display technology, the wind automobile bridge coupling vibration analysis program WVBANSYS is compiled on the Visual Studio 9 platform, and the vehicle bridge is verified respectively. The coupling program, the bridge time-domain flutter analysis program, the time domain buffeting analysis program, thus indirectly verify the correctness and reliability of the wind vehicle bridge program calculation function. (4) the influence factors and the change rules of the dynamic response of the wind vehicle bridge coupled vibration system are studied. Based on the response characteristics of the vehicle, the wind induced vehicle is improved. The evaluation criteria of side and side slip accidents are discussed, and the evaluation criterion based on the ISO 2631 standard is discussed. The following conclusions are drawn about the safety and comfort of road vehicles under the side wind environment. The following conclusions are obtained: the aerodynamic wind deflection angle derivative dC/d reduces the safety and comfort of the vehicle, and the side bias characteristics of the tire reduce the vehicle Driving comfort evaluation index, road roughness coherence function difference leads to more significant difference in vehicle dynamic response. Wind speed and speed are higher, vehicle is located in windward side lane and road condition is poor, these factors will reduce vehicle safety and comfort index. (5) study the wind barrier to the bridge surface local wind environment and car In the wind tunnel test, the influence of wind barrier permeability on the average wind velocity and the distribution characteristics of the average turbulence intensity and the aerodynamic characteristics of different types of road vehicles are studied in the wind tunnel test. The results show that the wind barrier reduces the average wind speed and the turbulence intensity of the bridge deck, and effectively reduces the aerodynamic performance of the vehicle. Force size. The results of static simplified analysis and coupling dynamic analysis show that large container cars are most prone to side slip and sideslip accidents without wind barrier, and the wind barrier significantly improves the critical speed of vehicle safety, and the critical wind speed of the vehicle increases with the decrease of wind barrier rate.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U441.3;U492.84

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本文編號(hào)：2164643