【摘要】：煤炭作為我國目前最主要的化石能源,占比達到了一次性能源消費的70%以上,且超過90%的煤炭生產(chǎn)主要來自于地下井工煤礦。隨著礦井機械化水平的提高以及開采深度的增加,礦井災害產(chǎn)生的有毒有害氣體以及采掘等作業(yè)產(chǎn)生的礦塵粒子大量彌散于巷道內(nèi)并隨通風污染整個礦井網(wǎng)絡(luò)的大氣環(huán)境,嚴重威脅煤礦安全生產(chǎn)及職業(yè)健康。本文從光學監(jiān)測識別災害時期礦井大氣污染物的角度出發(fā),開展了含塵大氣環(huán)境紅外光譜輻射特性建模與實驗、數(shù)值分析,為礦井災害的光學預警方法提供了理論基礎(chǔ)和數(shù)據(jù)支持。首先,對井下工作面作業(yè)產(chǎn)生的固體污染物進行了FT-IR測試并根據(jù)色散理論獲得了礦塵粒子的光譜復折射性質(zhì),通過Mie模型求解了礦塵顆粒的紅外光散射特性,分析了作業(yè)工況對彌散礦塵粒子系光譜衰減特性的影響。針對礦井災變氣體(CH4、CO、SO2、NO2等),采用HITRAN譜線數(shù)據(jù)及窄譜帶模型建立了礦井大氣典型災害氣體的紅外光譜吸收特性數(shù)據(jù)庫,研究了巷道環(huán)境壓力、溫度等因素對吸收強度和吸收峰的影響。其次,基于礦井大氣污染物基本光學性質(zhì)并結(jié)合其空間分布,建立了非灰、吸收、發(fā)射、散射參與性介質(zhì)內(nèi)光輻射傳輸模型,采用離散坐標法數(shù)值求解得到了礦井含塵大氣環(huán)境的紅外輻射特性。研究了含塵、含濕、含惰礦井大氣光學背景的譜帶吸收及消光特性,分別針對礦井瓦斯、自燃、污染物排放及爆破作業(yè)等過程仿真分析了災變條件下含塵大氣的光譜熱輻射特性。最后,以瓦斯涌出條件下含塵大氣環(huán)境光學監(jiān)測為案例,進行了礦井災害紅外信息辨識方法研究。根據(jù)瓦斯擴散礦井含塵大氣環(huán)境的紅外光譜選擇性,選取四個獨立譜帶結(jié)合隨機微粒群算法建立了輻射反問題模型。結(jié)果表明,同時反演獲得的瓦斯和礦塵濃度與其真值保持一致,其相對誤差在10%以內(nèi)。考慮到井下復雜作業(yè)環(huán)境及實時監(jiān)測要求,開展了多通道紅外探測光學窗口的優(yōu)化設(shè)計,討論了含塵光學背景及信號噪聲等因素對反演精度的影響。
[Abstract]:As the most important fossil energy in China, coal accounts for more than 70% of the one-time energy consumption, and more than 90% of the coal production comes from underground coal mines. With the improvement of mine mechanization level and the increase of mining depth, the toxic and harmful gases produced by mine disasters and the dust particles produced by mining and other operations are dispersed in large quantities in the roadway and pollute the atmospheric environment of the whole mine network with ventilation. It is a serious threat to coal mine production safety and occupational health. In this paper, from the view of optical monitoring and identification of mine air pollutants during disasters, the infrared spectral radiation characteristics of dust-bearing atmosphere are modeled and experimented, and numerical analysis is carried out. It provides theoretical basis and data support for optical warning method of mine disaster. Firstly, the solid pollutants produced in underground working face are tested by FT-IR and the spectral complex refraction properties of mine dust particles are obtained according to dispersion theory. The infrared light scattering characteristics of mine dust particles are solved by Mie model. The influence of operating conditions on the spectral attenuation characteristics of the dispersion dust system is analyzed. Aiming at mine disaster gas (Ch _ 4, CO _ (2) so _ (2) O _ (2), the infrared spectral absorption characteristic database of mine atmospheric typical disaster gas was established by using HITRAN spectral line data and narrow spectral band model, and the tunnel environmental pressure was studied. The influence of temperature and other factors on the absorption intensity and absorption peak. Secondly, based on the basic optical properties of mine air pollutants and their spatial distribution, a non-gray, absorption, emission and scattering model of light radiation transfer in participatory media is established. The infrared radiation characteristics of mine dust-bearing atmosphere are obtained by using discrete coordinate method. The absorption and extinction characteristics of dust, wet and inerted mine atmospheric optical background are studied. The characteristics of spectral thermal radiation of dust-containing atmosphere under catastrophic conditions are analyzed by simulation of pollutant discharge and blasting operation. Finally, the infrared information identification method of mine disaster is studied by taking the optical monitoring of dust-bearing atmosphere under the condition of gas emission as an example. According to the infrared spectral selectivity of gas diffusion mine dust-bearing atmosphere, four independent spectral bands were selected and stochastic particle swarm optimization (RPSO) algorithm was used to establish the radiation inverse problem model. The results show that the concentration of gas and ore dust obtained by simultaneous inversion is consistent with its true value, and the relative error is less than 10%. Considering the complex working environment and real-time monitoring requirements, the optimization design of multi-channel infrared detection optical window is carried out, and the influence of dust optical background and signal noise on inversion accuracy is discussed.
【學位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD714

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