瓦斯抽采上行鉆孔鉆屑自封孔性能實(shí)驗(yàn)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-20 11:14
【摘要】：保護(hù)層開采是煤層群開采條件下區(qū)域性防治煤與瓦斯突出最有效的技術(shù)手段。被保護(hù)層卸壓不明顯時(shí),通常需要由底抽巷向上方煤層打穿層鉆孔進(jìn)行瓦斯抽放,此類上行鉆孔數(shù)量眾多。上行鉆孔的有效封孔是井下鉆孔瓦斯抽放的技術(shù)關(guān)鍵,封孔材料和方法直接影響瓦斯抽采效果。本文致力于研究一種低成本、高效率的新型上行鉆孔鉆屑自封孔方法,取得的主要研究成果如下:采用FLAC3D軟件模擬了鉆孔周邊應(yīng)力場和塑性區(qū)分布,分析了上行鉆孔密封段的泄漏方式,明確了上行鉆孔封孔失效機(jī)制:上行鉆孔封孔過程中存在3種漏氣方式,即材料漏氣、界面漏氣和裂隙漏氣,有效封堵這3種漏氣通道是防止上行鉆孔封孔失效的關(guān)鍵。在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了上行鉆孔鉆屑自封孔方法,該方法利用打鉆形成的鉆屑自動封堵鉆孔,實(shí)現(xiàn)鉆孔、封孔一體化。采用上行鉆孔鉆屑自封孔模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)研究了干鉆工況下上行鉆孔鉆屑自封孔密封機(jī)理,包括鉆屑顆粒粒度分布和運(yùn)動過程觀測實(shí)驗(yàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:大多數(shù)鉆屑顆粒間空隙很小,鉆屑沉降后存在壓實(shí)過程,堆積致密,透氣性差;鉆屑顆粒會以較大的速度進(jìn)入鉆孔周圍煤體破碎區(qū)和塑性區(qū)的裂隙群內(nèi),填充裂隙空間,阻隔巷道內(nèi)的空氣通過鉆孔周圍煤體裂隙流入鉆孔內(nèi);鉆屑堆積過程中,堆積角呈現(xiàn)增大的趨勢,直至鉆屑堆滿鉆孔的橫截面,且比例高的細(xì)顆粒與鉆孔壁接觸的機(jī)會更多,鉆屑與鉆孔壁接觸嚴(yán)密。鉆屑自封孔方法能夠有效封堵上行鉆孔漏氣通道,保證封孔效果。研究了水鉆工況下,水和鉆屑混合顆粒運(yùn)動規(guī)律對鉆孔密封的促進(jìn)作用:水屑耦合顆粒在噴出鉆孔后在鉆孔空間內(nèi)的運(yùn)動過程中,可以觸碰到大鉆孔鉆孔壁橫斷面的各個(gè)方向,并進(jìn)入鉆孔周圍煤巖體裂隙內(nèi);水屑混合物在鉆孔壁運(yùn)移的過程中,水具有向鉆孔周圍煤巖體裂隙滲流的趨勢,從而引導(dǎo)鉆屑進(jìn)入裂隙,填充裂隙空間,封堵裂隙漏氣通道。鉆進(jìn)過程中,水屑混合物能夠在鉆孔內(nèi)不斷的堆積,并且當(dāng)兩相流到達(dá)水屑堆積體時(shí),水裹挾著鉆屑從堆積體的表面斜向上運(yùn)動,導(dǎo)致堆積體的堆積角增大,直至堆滿整個(gè)鉆孔橫截面;封孔完成后,部分殘余水填充在鉆屑和鉆孔壁的界面,形成固-液-固耦合的穩(wěn)定狀態(tài),抑制了鉆孔通過界面漏氣。固液兩相流攜帶較大的能量沿鉆孔壁向下運(yùn)動沖擊堆積在鉆孔封孔段的水屑混合物,對鉆屑堆積的形態(tài)起塑造作用,促進(jìn)鉆屑致密堆積,從而抑制了鉆屑材料自身的漏氣。采用NMR測試系統(tǒng)測試了固結(jié)的水屑混合物的透氣性及其影響因素:鉆屑顆粒粒度越大,水屑混合物中大孔、裂隙所占的比例越高,總孔隙度越大(其中小孔、中孔孔隙度越小),滲透率越大,致密性越低,透氣性越好。水屑混合物隨著固化時(shí)間的增加,孔隙度會降低,滲透能力變差,透氣性也會變差,密封效果進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)。研究了干鉆和水鉆工況下鉆屑自封孔密封效果影響因素。干鉆工況下,上行鉆孔的角度越大、鉆桿鉆進(jìn)速度越快以及上行鉆孔直徑越大時(shí),密封效果越好;水鉆工況下,上行鉆孔角度越大、水流速度越大以及鉆進(jìn)速度越大時(shí),密封效果越好。對比了相同影響因素下和不同影響因素下兩種工況的密封效果:水鉆工況下上行鉆孔鉆屑自封孔密閉氣室負(fù)壓大,負(fù)壓衰減速度慢,密封性能比干鉆工況要好。研究結(jié)果對于降低鉆孔封孔成本、提高瓦斯抽采效率和促進(jìn)保護(hù)層開采具有一定的科學(xué)價(jià)值和實(shí)際意義。
[Abstract]:The protection layer mining is the most effective technical means to prevent the coal and Gas Outburst under the condition of coal seam group mining. When the pressure relief of the protected layer is not obvious, the gas drainage is usually needed from the bottom seam to the top coal seam. The number of such upper boreholes is numerous. The effective sealing hole of the uplink hole is the technology of gas drainage in the borehole. The key, sealing material and method directly affects the gas extraction effect. This paper is devoted to the study of a new type of low cost and high efficiency self sealing hole drilling hole drilling method. The main research results are as follows: FLAC3D software is used to simulate the stress field and plastic distribution around the borehole, and the leakage mode of the sealing section of the uplink is analyzed. It is true that the sealing failure mechanism of the upper bore hole: there are 3 kinds of air leakage in the process of sealing the hole, that is material leakage, the leakage of the interface and the leak of the crack. The key to prevent the 3 kinds of air leakage effectively is the key to prevent the failure of the hole sealing. On this basis, the self sealing hole method of the drilling cuttings is put forward, which uses the drilling cuttings formed by drilling drilling. The sealing mechanism of the self sealing hole of the drilling cuttings under the working conditions of the drills, including the particle size distribution of the debris particles and the observation experiments of the movement process, is studied by using the simulation experiment system of the self sealing hole of the drilling cuttings in the working condition of the drills. The compaction process has a tight accumulation and poor permeability, and the drilling debris particles will enter the fractured zone of the coal body around the borehole and the fracture group in the plastic zone at a large speed, and fill in the fissure space, and the air inside the roadway flows into the borehole through the cracks in the coal body around the borehole, and the accumulation angle increases in the process of drilling, until the drilling chips are filled with drilling holes. The cross section and the high proportion of fine particles have more opportunities to contact the borehole wall, and the drilling cuttings have close contact with the borehole wall. The self sealing hole method of the drilling chip can effectively block the air leakage channel of the upper drilling hole and ensure the sealing effect. The effect of the movement law of the mixed particles of water and drilling chips on the drilling seal under the working condition of the drill is studied. During the movement of the drill hole in the drilling space, the drilling hole can touch all directions of the cross section of the borehole wall and enter the cracks in the coal rock surrounding the borehole. In the course of the movement of the borehole wall, the water mixture has the trend of seepage to the fracture of the coal rock mass around the borehole, thus guiding the drilling debris into the fissure and filling the void. In the process of drilling, the mixture of water debris can accumulate in the drilling hole, and when the two-phase flow reaches the water debris accumulation, the water is forced to move upward from the surface of the accumulation body, causing the accumulation angle of the accumulation to increase until the whole cross section is piled; after the sealing is completed, some residual water filling is filled. The solid liquid solid coupling stable state is formed at the interface of the drilling and drilling hole wall, which inhibits the hole leakage through the interface. The solid and liquid two phase flow carries a large amount of energy along the borehole wall to pile up the water debris mixture in the borehole sealing section, and makes the formation of the drilled debris form to promote the compact accumulation of the drills, thus restraining the drilling debris. The air leakage of the material itself is tested by the NMR test system. The permeability of the consolidated water chip mixture and its influencing factors are tested. The larger the particle size of the drilled particles is, the higher the pore size of the water debris mixture, the higher the proportion of the fracture, the larger the total porosity is, the smaller the pore and the porosity of the mesopore, the greater the permeability, the lower the density and the better the permeability. The better the permeability is, the mixture of water and debris is better. With the increase of the curing time, the porosity will decrease, the permeability becomes worse, the permeability will become worse and the sealing effect is further enhanced. The influence factors of the sealing effect of the self sealing hole in the drills and the drills are studied. The greater the angle of the drill hole, the faster the drilling rod drilling speed and the larger the diameter of the uplink hole. The better sealing effect is, the greater the angle of the drill hole, the greater the angle of the upstream drilling, the greater the flow speed and the greater the drilling speed, the better the sealing effect. The sealing effect of the two operating conditions under the same influence factors and the different influence factors is compared: the negative pressure of the self sealing chamber of the drilling cuttings under the working condition of the drills is large, the attenuation speed of the negative pressure is slow and the seal is sealed. The performance is better than that of dry drill. The research results have certain scientific and practical significance for reducing the cost of drilling hole sealing, improving the gas extraction efficiency and promoting the protection layer mining.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD712.6
本文編號：2133338
[Abstract]:The protection layer mining is the most effective technical means to prevent the coal and Gas Outburst under the condition of coal seam group mining. When the pressure relief of the protected layer is not obvious, the gas drainage is usually needed from the bottom seam to the top coal seam. The number of such upper boreholes is numerous. The effective sealing hole of the uplink hole is the technology of gas drainage in the borehole. The key, sealing material and method directly affects the gas extraction effect. This paper is devoted to the study of a new type of low cost and high efficiency self sealing hole drilling hole drilling method. The main research results are as follows: FLAC3D software is used to simulate the stress field and plastic distribution around the borehole, and the leakage mode of the sealing section of the uplink is analyzed. It is true that the sealing failure mechanism of the upper bore hole: there are 3 kinds of air leakage in the process of sealing the hole, that is material leakage, the leakage of the interface and the leak of the crack. The key to prevent the 3 kinds of air leakage effectively is the key to prevent the failure of the hole sealing. On this basis, the self sealing hole method of the drilling cuttings is put forward, which uses the drilling cuttings formed by drilling drilling. The sealing mechanism of the self sealing hole of the drilling cuttings under the working conditions of the drills, including the particle size distribution of the debris particles and the observation experiments of the movement process, is studied by using the simulation experiment system of the self sealing hole of the drilling cuttings in the working condition of the drills. The compaction process has a tight accumulation and poor permeability, and the drilling debris particles will enter the fractured zone of the coal body around the borehole and the fracture group in the plastic zone at a large speed, and fill in the fissure space, and the air inside the roadway flows into the borehole through the cracks in the coal body around the borehole, and the accumulation angle increases in the process of drilling, until the drilling chips are filled with drilling holes. The cross section and the high proportion of fine particles have more opportunities to contact the borehole wall, and the drilling cuttings have close contact with the borehole wall. The self sealing hole method of the drilling chip can effectively block the air leakage channel of the upper drilling hole and ensure the sealing effect. The effect of the movement law of the mixed particles of water and drilling chips on the drilling seal under the working condition of the drill is studied. During the movement of the drill hole in the drilling space, the drilling hole can touch all directions of the cross section of the borehole wall and enter the cracks in the coal rock surrounding the borehole. In the course of the movement of the borehole wall, the water mixture has the trend of seepage to the fracture of the coal rock mass around the borehole, thus guiding the drilling debris into the fissure and filling the void. In the process of drilling, the mixture of water debris can accumulate in the drilling hole, and when the two-phase flow reaches the water debris accumulation, the water is forced to move upward from the surface of the accumulation body, causing the accumulation angle of the accumulation to increase until the whole cross section is piled; after the sealing is completed, some residual water filling is filled. The solid liquid solid coupling stable state is formed at the interface of the drilling and drilling hole wall, which inhibits the hole leakage through the interface. The solid and liquid two phase flow carries a large amount of energy along the borehole wall to pile up the water debris mixture in the borehole sealing section, and makes the formation of the drilled debris form to promote the compact accumulation of the drills, thus restraining the drilling debris. The air leakage of the material itself is tested by the NMR test system. The permeability of the consolidated water chip mixture and its influencing factors are tested. The larger the particle size of the drilled particles is, the higher the pore size of the water debris mixture, the higher the proportion of the fracture, the larger the total porosity is, the smaller the pore and the porosity of the mesopore, the greater the permeability, the lower the density and the better the permeability. The better the permeability is, the mixture of water and debris is better. With the increase of the curing time, the porosity will decrease, the permeability becomes worse, the permeability will become worse and the sealing effect is further enhanced. The influence factors of the sealing effect of the self sealing hole in the drills and the drills are studied. The greater the angle of the drill hole, the faster the drilling rod drilling speed and the larger the diameter of the uplink hole. The better sealing effect is, the greater the angle of the drill hole, the greater the angle of the upstream drilling, the greater the flow speed and the greater the drilling speed, the better the sealing effect. The sealing effect of the two operating conditions under the same influence factors and the different influence factors is compared: the negative pressure of the self sealing chamber of the drilling cuttings under the working condition of the drills is large, the attenuation speed of the negative pressure is slow and the seal is sealed. The performance is better than that of dry drill. The research results have certain scientific and practical significance for reducing the cost of drilling hole sealing, improving the gas extraction efficiency and promoting the protection layer mining.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD712.6
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