發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-17 17:24

【摘要】：可燃液體燃料是民用工業(yè)以及國防工業(yè)重要材料,其爆炸安全性研究是安全科學(xué)領(lǐng)域重要研究問題�？扇家后w燃料云霧形成涉及諸多瞬態(tài)變量,且對云霧爆炸過程產(chǎn)生直接影響,使得云霧爆炸問題的研究更具有復(fù)雜性。本文以揭示可燃液體燃料云霧爆炸規(guī)律為目的,建立了云霧形成和多元變量測量的新方法,構(gòu)建了云霧形成和爆炸實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng);結(jié)合當(dāng)前實(shí)際需要,開展了可燃液體燃料云霧爆炸極限和爆炸發(fā)展過程的研究,取得了如下主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新成果�；诙嘞嗔骼碚摷皻鈩�(dòng)霧化原理,提出了二次脈動(dòng)霧化方法,即一次氣動(dòng)力對液體產(chǎn)生兩次脈動(dòng)作用。該方法使液體形成液膜后進(jìn)一步碎裂成細(xì)小液滴,同時(shí)形成大噴霧張角,改善了液體霧化效果和均勻性,實(shí)現(xiàn)了與20L球形爆炸空間結(jié)構(gòu)的瞬態(tài)匹配。建立了云霧形成和爆炸多元變量測量方法,主要包括:相同粒徑條件下不同濃度的測量方法,云霧中氣相濃度和液相濃度的測量方法,云霧均勻性測量方法等。最后基于云霧形成方法和多元變量測量方法,構(gòu)建了20L球型云霧形成和爆炸實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng),實(shí)現(xiàn)了云霧粒徑、濃度、爆壓、爆溫、火焰、湍流強(qiáng)度等系統(tǒng)參數(shù)瞬態(tài)測量。運(yùn)用20L球型云霧形成和爆炸實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng),得到了在不同粒徑、不同點(diǎn)火能量下乙醚和正癸烷云霧的爆炸極限,同時(shí)分析了相同粒徑條件下5種可燃液體(環(huán)氧丙烷、乙醚、正戊烷、正辛烷、正癸烷)云霧爆炸下限的區(qū)別,揭示了可燃液體云霧爆炸極限的特征規(guī)律。同時(shí)獲得了不同粒徑下乙醚和正癸烷云霧的爆炸參數(shù)(超壓峰值、溫度峰值、最大壓力上升速率和最大溫度上升速率以及最小點(diǎn)火能量)、不同濃度下乙醚云霧火焰?zhèn)鞑パ舆t時(shí)間和火焰?zhèn)鞑ミ^程,并通過實(shí)驗(yàn)和分析計(jì)算得到了不同粒徑條件下乙醚云霧最大有效燃燒速度,從而揭示了可燃液體燃料云霧爆炸發(fā)展過程的特征規(guī)律。本文建立了可燃液體云霧形成和爆炸研究新型實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng),獲得了典型可燃液體燃料云霧爆炸極限和爆炸發(fā)展過程特征規(guī)律,對預(yù)防和控制可燃液體燃料爆炸事故發(fā)生具有指導(dǎo)意義,同時(shí)豐富了可燃液體云霧形成和爆炸理論基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Flammable liquid fuel is an important material in civil industry and national defense industry, and its explosion safety is an important problem in the field of safety science. The formation of flammable liquid fuel cloud involves many transient variables and has a direct impact on the process of cloud and fog explosion, which makes the study of cloud and fog explosion more complicated. In order to reveal the explosion law of flammable liquid fuel cloud and fog, a new method of cloud formation and multivariate variable measurement is established in this paper, and the experimental system of cloud formation and explosion is constructed. The explosion limit and explosion development process of combustible liquid fuel are studied. Based on the theory of multiphase flow and the principle of pneumatic atomization, a method of secondary pulsating atomization is proposed, that is, the primary aerodynamic force produces two pulsating effects on the liquid. By this method, the liquid is further broken into small droplets after forming liquid film, and a large spray angle is formed, which improves the atomization effect and uniformity of the liquid, and achieves the transient matching with the 20L spherical explosion space structure. The multivariate variable measurement methods of cloud formation and explosion were established, including the measurement methods of different concentrations under the same particle size condition, the measurement methods of gas phase concentration and liquid phase concentration in cloud and fog, the measurement method of cloud and fog uniformity, etc. Finally, based on the cloud formation method and multivariate variable measurement method, a 20L spherical cloud formation and explosion experiment system is constructed. The system parameters such as particle size, concentration, explosion pressure, explosion temperature, flame, turbulence intensity and other system parameters are measured. The explosion limits of ether and decane cloud fog with different particle size and different ignition energy were obtained by using the 20L spherical cloud formation and explosion test system. At the same time, five kinds of flammable liquids (propylene oxide, ether) were analyzed under the same particle size. The difference of the lower limit of cloud explosion of n-pentane, n-octane and n-decane reveals the characteristic law of cloud explosion limit of combustible liquid. At the same time, the explosion parameters (peak overpressure, peak temperature) of ether and decane cloud under different particle sizes were obtained. Maximum pressure rise rate, maximum temperature rise rate and minimum ignition energy), flame propagation delay time and flame propagation process of ether cloud and fog at different concentrations, The maximum effective combustion rate of ether cloud under different particle size conditions is obtained by experiments and analysis, thus revealing the characteristics of the development process of flammable liquid fuel cloud fog explosion. In this paper, a new experimental system for the formation and explosion of combustible liquid cloud and mist is established, and the explosion limit and the characteristics of explosion process of typical combustible liquid fuel are obtained. It is of guiding significance to prevent and control explosion accidents of combustible liquid fuel and enrich the theoretical basis of cloud formation and explosion of combustible liquid.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：X932

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