本文選題：校車 + 安全　； 參考：《華中師范大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：兒童是構筑國家和民族未來的希望,然而頻繁發(fā)生的校車事故卻嚴重威脅兒童的生命安全,校車安全問題儼然成為政府和社會公民的熱議話題。保護每一位兒童的生命,構建校車安全的長效保障機制已迫在眉睫。本研究立足國際視野,通過宏觀的立法、經費、管理角度介紹美國校車安全的保障機制,希冀“他山之石可以攻玉”。作為一項跨學科研究,該研究主要運用法學、財政學、管理學、教育學等多學科的知識,通過文獻分析法和比較研究法提煉美國保障校車安全的成功經驗,并對此提出符合我國國情的保障校車安全的有益建議。全文共分為六部分： 第一部分緒論。該部分強調我國建立校車安全保障機制的必要性以及借鑒美國校車安全保障機制的可行性,闡釋該研究對我國校車安全運營、兒童安全防護以及完善公共交通設施的重要實踐意義以及豐富跨學科研究的理論意義。 第二部分美國校車的歷史發(fā)展脈絡。在這一部分中,筆者以時間和校車發(fā)展水平為維度將美國校車的發(fā)展歷程分為萌芽時期、自由發(fā)展時期、制度化發(fā)展時期三個發(fā)展階段,并對推動美國校車產生和發(fā)展的社會因素進行了探究,認為有社會發(fā)展、美國反種族隔離運動以及學校布局調整運動三個關鍵因素。 第三部分美國校車安全的立法保障。該部分的內容從法學的角度出發(fā),以立法權為依據從聯邦校車法律法規(guī)和州校車法律法規(guī)進行闡述；立法內容包括校車及校車類型、校車安全技術標準、校車財政補助、校車交通安全、校車司機準入、校車事故責任賠償等方面 第四部分美國校車安全的經費支持。經費如何保障校車安全主要從經費投入主體、經費來源、經費支出、經費的撥付、經費的享用幾個維度進行分析。 第五部分美國校車安全的管理體制。管理方面主要從管理主體的角度進行分析,介紹了聯邦、州、地方學區(qū)以及非政府四個層面在校車管理中的職責。 第六部分美國校車安全保障機制對我國校車安全體系建設的啟示。我國在校車安全保障體系建設過程中可借鑒的經驗有：加緊立法,完善校車法律法規(guī)；增加校車經費投入,確立校車財政補助機制；重視校車安全,明確政府管理職責；增加非政府組織的數量,發(fā)揮非政府組織的監(jiān)督管理作用；完善校車研發(fā)和運營市場,構建良性發(fā)展的校車市場；珍惜兒童生命,加強校車安全教育。
[Abstract]:Children are the hope to build the future of our country and nation. However, the frequent school bus accidents seriously threaten the safety of children. The safety of school buses has become a hot topic for the government and social citizens. It is urgent to protect the life of every child and build a long-term guarantee mechanism for the safety of school bus. Based on the international perspective, this study introduces the security mechanism of American school bus safety through macroscopic legislation, funds and management, hoping that "the stone of other mountains can attack the jade". As an interdisciplinary study, this research mainly uses the knowledge of law, finance, management, pedagogy and so on, and refines the successful experiences of the United States in ensuring the safety of school buses through the methods of literature analysis and comparative research. And puts forward the beneficial suggestions to ensure the safety of the school bus in accordance with the national conditions of our country. The full text is divided into six parts: the first part of the introduction. This part emphasizes the necessity of establishing the safety and security mechanism of school bus in our country and the feasibility of referring to the safety guarantee mechanism of American school bus, and explains the research on the safe operation of school bus in our country. The important practical significance of children's safety protection and the improvement of public transportation facilities and the theoretical significance of enriching the cross-disciplinary research. The second part is the historical development of American school bus. In this part, the author divides the development process of American school bus into three stages: the embryonic period, the free development period, the institutionalized development period, and the development level of the school bus. The author probes into the social factors that promote the emergence and development of American school buses, and holds that there are three key factors: social development, the anti-apartheid movement and the school layout adjustment movement in the United States. The third part is about the security of American school bus. The content of this part is elaborated from the angle of law, based on the legislative power from the federal school bus laws and regulations and state school bus laws and regulations, including school bus and school bus types, school bus safety technical standards, school bus financial subsidies, School bus traffic safety, bus driver access, school bus accident liability compensation and other aspects of the fourth part of the United States school bus safety funding support. How to ensure the safety of school bus is mainly analyzed from the aspects of the main input, the source, the expenditure, the appropriation of funds and the enjoyment of funds. The fifth part of American school bus safety management system. In the aspect of management, it mainly analyzes the responsibility of federal, state, local school district and non-government in the management of school bus. The sixth part of American school bus safety guarantee mechanism to our country school bus safety system construction enlightenment. The experiences that can be used for reference in the construction of school bus safety and security system in China include: stepping up legislation, perfecting school bus laws and regulations, increasing school bus funding, establishing school bus financial subsidy mechanism, attaching importance to school bus safety and clarifying government management responsibilities; Increase the number of non-governmental organizations, play the role of supervision and management of non-governmental organizations; improve the school bus R & D and operation market, build a healthy school bus market; cherish the lives of children, strengthen school bus safety education.
【學位授予單位】：華中師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：U492.8

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