本文選題：深埋隧洞 + 巖爆　； 參考：《東北大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著礦產(chǎn)資源、水電能源和交通運(yùn)輸需求因經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)的不斷發(fā)展而日益增加,地下空間開發(fā)不斷走向深部,高應(yīng)力環(huán)境下開挖卸荷所誘發(fā)的巖爆問(wèn)題也隨之越來(lái)越突出。巖爆作為一種工程地質(zhì)災(zāi)害,不僅破壞工程建設(shè),影響施工進(jìn)度,而且還損壞施工設(shè)備,威脅人身安全,已成為世界性的地下工程難題之一。因此,開展巖爆成因研究,采取針對(duì)性的防治措施,減輕或避免巖爆危害,已成為國(guó)內(nèi)外采礦、水電、交通等深部地下工程安全建設(shè)亟待解決的一個(gè)重要研究課題,具有極為重要的理論意義和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文以錦屏II級(jí)水電站深埋隧洞強(qiáng)巖爆段為工程背景,以微震監(jiān)測(cè)技術(shù)為手段,探討了深埋隧洞微震活動(dòng)與巖爆的時(shí)空分布規(guī)律及其相關(guān)性,深入研究了即時(shí)型巖爆和時(shí)滯型巖爆的孕育成因并提出了針對(duì)性的防治措施。概括起來(lái),本論文的研究工作主要集中在如下幾個(gè)方面：(1)系統(tǒng)分析了深埋隧洞微震活動(dòng)與巖爆的時(shí)空分布規(guī)律及其相關(guān)性。在時(shí)間上,探討了鉆爆法和TBM開挖條件下的微震事件、巖爆及開挖活動(dòng)之間的相關(guān)性,闡述了巖爆孕育過(guò)程累積視體積、能量指數(shù)、Schmidt數(shù)和微震事件頻次隨時(shí)間演化規(guī)律,揭示了巖爆前兆(微震)信息的時(shí)間演化特性。在空間上,系統(tǒng)研究了隧洞掘進(jìn)過(guò)程微震事件與巖爆沿洞軸方向的分布規(guī)律,探討了微震、巖爆與開挖活動(dòng)的空間關(guān)系；深入分析了巖爆孕育過(guò)程微震信息空間演化規(guī)律,闡述了巖爆孕育區(qū)形成機(jī)理；從整個(gè)工程區(qū)大范圍的視角系統(tǒng)分析了微震事件與巖爆的空間分布規(guī)律及其關(guān)聯(lián)性,發(fā)現(xiàn)兩者具有顯著的空間集結(jié)分布特征,并著重探討了控制空間集結(jié)分布的主導(dǎo)性因素。(2)從開挖施工因素和地質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)面兩方面開展了即時(shí)型巖爆孕育成因研究。深入探討了開挖速率和噴錨支護(hù)對(duì)即時(shí)型巖爆孕育過(guò)程微震活動(dòng)的影響,對(duì)比分析了不同開挖方式下的微震特性和巖爆風(fēng)險(xiǎn),認(rèn)為具有強(qiáng)巖爆傾向性深埋隧洞宜采用鉆爆法施工；著重研究和探討了地質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)面對(duì)即時(shí)型巖爆宏觀破壞形態(tài)、空間分布、強(qiáng)度等級(jí)、發(fā)生頻次和孕育規(guī)律的控制作用；同時(shí),還分析了結(jié)構(gòu)面對(duì)即時(shí)型巖爆孕育機(jī)制的影響,認(rèn)為隨著結(jié)構(gòu)面條／組數(shù)的增加,巖爆孕育機(jī)制變得越發(fā)復(fù)雜。(3)系統(tǒng)分析了時(shí)滯型巖爆孕育過(guò)程微震信息時(shí)空演化特征,探討了時(shí)滯型巖爆孕育成因,認(rèn)為爆破擾動(dòng)是其極為重要的控制因素,并深入闡述了爆破擾動(dòng)誘發(fā)時(shí)滯型巖爆的機(jī)理。著重研究了爆破擾動(dòng)下時(shí)滯型巖爆發(fā)生規(guī)律,并探討了爆破擾動(dòng)對(duì)時(shí)滯型巖爆孕育機(jī)制的影響。(4)提出了基于深埋隧洞上臺(tái)階施工發(fā)生的微震信息來(lái)辨識(shí)和圈定二次開挖時(shí)潛在高巖爆風(fēng)險(xiǎn)區(qū)的方法,深入研究和探討了二次開挖擾動(dòng)下即時(shí)型和時(shí)滯型巖爆成因及其機(jī)理。(5)在上述研究基礎(chǔ)上,建立了施工階段防治即時(shí)型和時(shí)滯型巖爆的總體思路,并針對(duì)不同等級(jí)的兩類巖爆提出了相應(yīng)的防治措施。
[Abstract]:With the mineral resources, water and electricity energy and transportation demand are increasing because of the continuous development of economic construction, the development of underground space is going deeper and deeper. The rock burst caused by excavation unloading under high stress environment is becoming more and more prominent. Rock burst is a kind of engineering geological disaster, which not only destroys engineering construction, but also affects construction progress, It has become one of the most difficult problems in the world, and it has become one of the most difficult problems in the world. Therefore, it has become an important research topic for the construction of deep underground workers at home and abroad, such as mining, hydropower, traffic and other deep underground workers, which need to be solved. It is an important research topic to carry out the research on the causes of rock burst and take the targeted prevention and control measures to reduce or avoid the hazards of rock explosion at home and abroad, such as mining, hydropower and transportation, and so on. In this paper, taking the strong rock burst section of the deep buried tunnel in the Jinping II hydropower station as the engineering background, the temporal and spatial distribution law and the correlation of the microseismic activity and rock burst in the deep buried tunnel are discussed with the microseismic monitoring technology as a means. The genesis of the instant rock burst and the time delay type rock burst is deeply studied and the results are put forward. In summary, the research work of this paper is mainly focused on the following aspects: (1) the spatio-temporal distribution and correlation of microseismic activity and rock burst in deep buried tunnels are systematically analyzed. In time, the correlation between drilling and blasting method and the microseismic events under the TBM excavation conditions, the correlation between rock burst and excavation activities is discussed. The evolution law of cumulative apparent volume, energy index, Schmidt number and frequency of microseismic events in the process of rock burst inoculation is described, and the temporal evolution characteristics of the precursory (microseismic) information of rock burst are revealed. In space, the distribution law of the microseismic events and the square direction of the rock burst along the tunnel axis is systematically studied, and the microseismic, rock burst and excavation activities are discussed. The evolution law of microseismic information space in rock burst inoculation was deeply analyzed, the formation mechanism of rock burst inoculation area was expounded, and the spatial distribution and correlation of microseismic events and rock burst were analyzed from the large scope of the whole engineering area. The leading factors to control the distribution of spatial aggregation. (2) the causes of instant type rock burst inoculation were carried out from two aspects of the excavation construction factors and the geological structure surface. The influence of the excavation rate and the anchorage support on the micro earthquake activity in the instant rock burst inoculation process was deeply discussed, and the microseismic characteristics and the rock burst wind under different excavation methods were compared and analyzed. It is considered that the drilling and blasting method should be adopted in the deep buried tunnel with strong rock burst tendency, and the effect of the geological structure on the macroscopic damage form, spatial distribution, strength grade, frequency and inoculation law of immediate rock burst is studied and discussed. At the same time, the influence of structure on the mechanism of instant rock burst inoculation is also analyzed. With the increase of structural noodle / group number, the mechanism of rock burst inoculation becomes more complicated. (3) the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of the microseismic information in the delay type rock burst inoculation process are systematically analyzed, and the cause of the delay type rock burst inoculation is discussed. It is considered that the blasting disturbance is a very important control factor, and the mechanism of the delay type rock burst induced by the blasting disturbance is deeply expounded. This paper focuses on the study of the occurrence of time-delay rock burst under blasting disturbance, and discusses the effect of blasting disturbance on the mechanism of time delay type rock burst. (4) the method of identifying and delaying the potential high rock burst risk area for two excavations is proposed based on the microseismic information of the upper step construction in the deep buried tunnel, and the two excavation disturbance is deeply studied and discussed. The causes and mechanisms of immediate and time-delay rock burst are introduced. (5) on the basis of the above research, the general idea of preventing and controlling the immediate and time-delay type of rock burst is established, and the corresponding prevention measures are put forward for the two types of rock burst in different grades.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TD771
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本文編號(hào)：2102357