本文選題：突水機理 + 阻水能力　； 參考：《中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：煤層底板隔水層在承壓水作用下的破壞和突水事故是構(gòu)成我國華北型煤礦安全生產(chǎn)的主要威脅，因此，研究其突水機理對于有效防治水患威脅、保證煤礦生產(chǎn)安全具有極其重要的現(xiàn)實意義。 本文研究的核心內(nèi)容有二個，其一是研究煤層底板承壓水作用下隔水層的突水機理，即科學(xué)問題；其二是用突水機理理論來解決煤礦防治水害的工程實踐問題，即技術(shù)問題。 本研究認為：煤層底板突水問題集中表現(xiàn)為承壓水與隔水層之間的相互作用，在這個作用過程中，承壓水突破隔水層的阻隔形成突水通道而突水，這個突水通道既不同于隔水層的滲透通道，也不同于含水層的滲透通道，而是一種新型的、與“管道”性質(zhì)類似的水流通道，因此，煤層底板突水機理就是突水通道在底板隔水層中的形成機理。 在研究突水機理問題時，首先得出：所有的突水事故都與隔水層的非完整性有關(guān)，從而在“巖體結(jié)構(gòu)”及“不連續(xù)介質(zhì)模型”的前提下，提出了突水機理就是（承壓水作用下）隔水層的原有結(jié)構(gòu)面擴張而轉(zhuǎn)化為突水通道的作用機理；其次是通過典型現(xiàn)場試驗成果的發(fā)現(xiàn)和應(yīng)用對“原始導(dǎo)升高度”進行溯源追蹤，指出原始導(dǎo)升高度是承壓水在隔水層的滲透高度，是隔水層滲透性的表現(xiàn)，不是突水通道的發(fā)育高度；第三，通過對典型突水案例的系統(tǒng)分析，根據(jù)突水通道的形成方式把煤層底板突水模式歸結(jié)為“破裂致突”和“滲流致突”兩種類型，并提出滲流致突的臨突判據(jù)；第四，設(shè)計并完成了滲流致突的兩個模擬試驗。一方面，為揭示出滲流致突的發(fā)生機理，設(shè)計了微管阻水試驗和微管流量試驗；另一方面，為驗證前面的機理，設(shè)計了相似材料的突水通道試驗，通過突水通道的斷面形態(tài)來完整地呈現(xiàn)突水通道形成的過程。第五，專門研究了“突水系數(shù)”的問題，提出突水系數(shù)是表示突水“征兆”的一個警示性參數(shù)，評價礦井生產(chǎn)安全的最終指標是涌水量或突水量，以及據(jù)此配備的防排水設(shè)施，而非突水系數(shù)。通過以上的研究，完整準確地展示出滲流致突的突水機理。 把突水機理理論應(yīng)用于煤礦的防治水工程實踐的關(guān)鍵是研究“疏水降壓”和“含水層改造”技術(shù)。研究指出：它們的共同特點和核心內(nèi)容都是研究煤層底板隔水層的阻水能力，，把隔水層的阻水能力作為設(shè)計防治水工作的依據(jù)。 比較并研究了我國煤礦目前廣泛應(yīng)用的“疏水降壓”和“含水層改造”技術(shù)，最后，以平頂山礦區(qū)疏水降壓的成果展現(xiàn)了該技術(shù)的巨大優(yōu)勢。
[Abstract]:The destruction and water inrush accident of coal seams under the action of confined water are the main threats to the safety production of North China coal mines. Therefore, to study the mechanism of water inrush is an effective threat to the prevention and treatment of flood. It is of great practical significance to ensure the safety of coal mine production. There are two core contents in this paper, one is to study the mechanism of water inrush in the water-separating layer under the action of confined water on coal seam floor, the other is to use the theory of water-inrush mechanism to solve the engineering practice problem of preventing and controlling water hazard in coal mine, that is, technical problem. In this study, it is concluded that the water inrush problem of coal seam floor is concentrated on the interaction between confined water and water barrier. In this process, pressurized water breaks through the barrier of water barrier to form water inrush passage and water inrush. This channel of water inrush is different from both the permeation channel of the barrier layer and the permeation channel of the aquifer, but is a new type of flow channel similar to the nature of the "pipeline", so, The water inrush mechanism of coal seam floor is the formation mechanism of water inrush passage in the water barrier of floor. When studying the mechanism of water inrush, it is concluded that all the water inrush accidents are related to the non-integrity of the water-separating layer, so under the premise of "rock mass structure" and "discontinuous medium model", It is put forward that the mechanism of water inrush is the mechanism that the original structure surface of the water barrier is expanded and transformed into the water inrush passage, and the source tracing of "original conduction height" is carried out through the discovery and application of typical field test results. It is pointed out that the original height of water conduction is the permeation height of confined water in the water barrier layer, which is the permeability of the water barrier layer, not the development height of the water inrush passage. Thirdly, through the systematic analysis of typical cases of water inrush, According to the formation mode of water inrush passage, the water inrush mode of coal seam floor is divided into two types: "rupture and outburst" and "percolation and outburst". Finally, two simulation tests of seepage induced outburst are designed and completed. On the one hand, in order to reveal the mechanism of seepage outburst, microtubule water blocking test and microtubule flow test are designed; on the other hand, in order to verify the former mechanism, the water inrush channel test of similar material is designed. The formation process of water inrush passage is presented by the section shape of water inrush channel. Fifthly, the problem of "water inrush coefficient" is specially studied, and it is put forward that the water inrush coefficient is a warning parameter to indicate the "symptom" of water inrush. The final index of evaluating mine production safety is water inflow or water inrush, and the waterproofing and drainage facilities provided accordingly. But not the water inrush coefficient. Through the above research, the mechanism of water inrush caused by seepage is demonstrated completely and accurately. The key to apply the theory of water inrush mechanism to the practice of water control engineering in coal mines is to study the techniques of "hydrophobic depressurization" and "aquifer reconstruction". It is pointed out that their common characteristics and core contents are to study the water resistance capacity of the water barrier layer of the coal seam floor, and take the water resistance capacity of the water barrier layer as the basis for the design and prevention of water. The techniques of "hydrophobic pressure relief" and "aquifer reconstruction" which are widely used in coal mines in China are compared and studied. Finally, the great advantages of this technology are demonstrated by the results of hydrophobic depressurization in Pingdingshan mining area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TD74

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 尹尚先;武強;;陷落柱概化模式及突水力學(xué)判據(jù)[J];北京科技大學(xué)學(xué)報;2006年09期

2 許光泉,桂和榮,吳基文;煤礦底板突水分析及底板水防治[J];地下水;2001年03期

3 王志榮,陳玲霞;河南省煤礦水害防治探討[J];地質(zhì)災(zāi)害與環(huán)境保護;1994年03期

4 楊新安,程軍,楊喜增;峰峰礦區(qū)礦井突水分類及發(fā)生機理研究[J];地質(zhì)災(zāi)害與環(huán)境保護;1999年02期

5 王明玉,張寶柱;華北型煤田礦井突水災(zāi)害的防治[J];地質(zhì)論評;1995年06期

6 卜昌森,張希誠,尹萬才,曲修術(shù);“華北型”煤田巖溶水害及防治現(xiàn)狀[J];地質(zhì)論評;2001年04期

7 楊天鴻,唐春安,劉紅元,朱萬成,馮啟言;承壓水底板突水失穩(wěn)過程的數(shù)值模型初探[J];地質(zhì)力學(xué)學(xué)報;2003年03期

8 武強,劉金韜,董東林,武雄,周瑞光;煤層底板斷裂突水時間弱化效應(yīng)機理的仿真模擬研究——以開灤趙各莊煤礦為例[J];地質(zhì)學(xué)報;2001年04期

9 王希良,彭蘇萍,鄭世書;深部煤層開采高承壓水突水預(yù)報及控制[J];遼寧工程技術(shù)大學(xué)學(xué)報;2004年06期

10 中國生;江文武;徐國元;;底板突水的突變理論預(yù)測[J];遼寧工程技術(shù)大學(xué)學(xué)報;2007年02期

本文編號：2097678