本文選題：鐵路運(yùn)輸 + 超重貨物��； 參考：《北京交通大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：超重貨物主要包括發(fā)電設(shè)備、大型機(jī)械、化工設(shè)備等,它們大多為國家經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)的重點設(shè)備,不僅外形大、重量大、結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,且價值高,對國家經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展有重要的影響。對這些貨物必須保證安全及時地運(yùn)輸。 但是,超重貨物這個概念在我國鐵路貨物運(yùn)輸工作中使用的時間短,在2007年第一次出現(xiàn)在相關(guān)的貨運(yùn)規(guī)則中。而在規(guī)則中只是對超重貨物的概念和等級劃分做了簡單定義,這些定義又過于理想化,與實際情況有一定的距離。同時,目前對超重貨物運(yùn)輸?shù)难芯窟�十分匱乏,僅有的研究也只是對現(xiàn)象的定性描述。由于沒有相應(yīng)的理論體系和完善的規(guī)章制度,使得實際工作中對超重貨物的理解有偏差,如何組織運(yùn)輸缺乏依據(jù),造成工作的被動及失誤。因此,對超重貨物安全運(yùn)輸基本理論和相關(guān)問題進(jìn)行深入研究和探討,建立一套完整的理論體系,是指導(dǎo)超重貨物運(yùn)輸組織工作所迫切需要的。 論文綜合運(yùn)用結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)、軌道工程、橋梁工程、有限元計算、鐵路貨運(yùn)技術(shù)、最優(yōu)化理論等有關(guān)理論與方法,對超重貨物運(yùn)輸?shù)睦碚摵蛻?yīng)用問題進(jìn)行了研究,同時結(jié)合試驗數(shù)據(jù)和相關(guān)算例對研究結(jié)果進(jìn)行了分析驗證。 主要研究成果和結(jié)論包括： (1)對超重貨物的內(nèi)涵和特征進(jìn)行了分析,提出了超重貨物的新定義。根據(jù)國內(nèi)外不同運(yùn)輸方式中使用的相關(guān)概念,深入剖析了超重貨物的內(nèi)涵,進(jìn)而對超重貨物重新進(jìn)行了定義,并分析總結(jié)了其應(yīng)具備的特征和超重產(chǎn)生的原因。論文也對超重貨物運(yùn)輸中的相關(guān)概念進(jìn)行了定義,并與幾個易混淆概念進(jìn)行了比較分析。新定義能全面反映超重貨物對鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的影響并體現(xiàn)出對運(yùn)輸組織方面的要求,克服了原有定義的不足。 (2)探討了超重貨物運(yùn)輸涉及的因素,分析了各因素對超重貨物運(yùn)輸?shù)挠绊�。認(rèn)為影響超重貨物運(yùn)輸?shù)闹饕蛩匕ㄘ浳�、車輛、橋梁、線路、建筑限界和裝載加固方案等,它們決定著超重貨物運(yùn)輸組織的難度、運(yùn)行條件的復(fù)雜程度、運(yùn)輸費(fèi)用的高低、運(yùn)輸基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的安全性,組織運(yùn)輸時必須綜合考慮這些因素。這部分的分析為論文確定了方向,也是論文進(jìn)一步研究的基礎(chǔ)。 (3)對超重車對線路和橋梁的作用機(jī)理進(jìn)行了研究。選擇典型線路和橋梁,以D2型超重車為例,分別建立了超重車作用下軌道和橋梁的有限元計算模型,進(jìn)行了不同參數(shù)條件下的軌道結(jié)構(gòu)和橋梁的受力與變形計算；選擇常用各類機(jī)車進(jìn)行計算,并與超重車作用于線橋的情況進(jìn)行了比較與分析；結(jié)合運(yùn)營試驗和有關(guān)規(guī)范,考慮了動靜荷載的關(guān)系,對有限元計算結(jié)果進(jìn)行了檢驗。研究結(jié)果表明,超重車對線橋的作用一般大于常用機(jī)車,易造成線橋的損壞。 (4)提出了超重等級的劃分及判定方法。針對目前超重等級劃分中存在的問題,論文對超重車重心(貨物重心)有偏移時對橋梁的作用荷載進(jìn)行了理論分析與推導(dǎo),給出了偏載系數(shù)的概念和計算公式,重新確定了活載系數(shù)的通用計算公式,從而提出了超重等級的劃分方法并給出了判定依據(jù),最后用一算例驗證了新的等級劃分方法的合理性。新的超重等級的劃分不僅考慮了符合設(shè)計標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的橋梁,也考慮了承載能力不足、未達(dá)到設(shè)計標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的橋梁情況,比現(xiàn)行方法更能真實地反映超重程度；新的等級判定計算,綜合考慮了重車(貨物)偏心的情況和運(yùn)行徑路的橋梁情況,更加合理和符合實際。 (5)提出了超重貨物安全運(yùn)輸?shù)拇胧⿷?yīng)從改善超重貨物運(yùn)輸方案著手的思想,并給出了超重貨物運(yùn)輸方案優(yōu)化設(shè)計的原則和方法。根據(jù)超重貨物運(yùn)輸方案的主要組成內(nèi)容,以減少或改善超重車對橋梁和軌道的作用為主要目標(biāo),分別從車輛的選擇、裝載方案的設(shè)計、車輛的編組以及曲線速度和過橋速度等方面對超重貨物運(yùn)輸方案提出相關(guān)要求并進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計,給出了相應(yīng)的計算公式。最后以算例分析了超重貨物在不同的運(yùn)輸方案下的效果。 論文首次從運(yùn)輸組織角度對超重貨物運(yùn)輸?shù)幕纠碚摵蛻?yīng)用問題進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的分析與探討,并建立起超重貨物安全運(yùn)輸?shù)幕纠碚摽蚣�。論文研究得出的有關(guān)規(guī)律和結(jié)論將為完善規(guī)章、提高運(yùn)輸組織和管理水平提供理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The overweight goods mainly include power generation equipment, large machinery, chemical equipment and so on. Most of them are key equipment of national economic construction. They are not only large in shape, large in weight, complex in structure, but also of high value. They have important influence on the economic development of the country. It is necessary to ensure that the goods are transported in a timely manner to these goods.
However, the concept of overweight goods is used in our country's railway freight transportation for a short time, and it first appeared in the relevant freight rules in 2007. In the rules, the concept and grade division of overweight goods are simply defined. These definitions are too idealized and have a certain distance from the actual situation. At the same time, they are right. The study of the transport of overweight goods is still very scarce, and the only research is only a qualitative description of the phenomenon. Because there is no corresponding theoretical system and perfect rules and regulations, there is a deviation in the understanding of the overweight goods in the actual work, the lack of basis for the organization of transportation, the passive and error of the work. Carrying out in-depth study and Discussion on basic theory and related issues and establishing a complete theoretical system are urgently needed to guide the work of overweight freight transport organization.
In this paper, the theories and methods of structural mechanics, track engineering, bridge engineering, finite element calculation, railway freight technology, optimization theory and other relevant theories and methods are used to study the theory and application of the transport of overweight goods, and the results of the research are analyzed and verified with the experimental data and related examples.
The main research results and conclusions include:
(1) the connotation and characteristics of overweight goods are analyzed, and a new definition of overweight goods is put forward. According to the related concepts used in different modes of transportation at home and abroad, the connotation of overweight goods is deeply analyzed, and then the overweight goods are redefined, and the characteristics and reasons for overweight are analyzed and summarized. The related concepts in the transportation of overweight goods are defined and compared with several confused concepts. The new definition can fully reflect the influence of overweight goods on railway infrastructure and reflect the requirements on transportation organization, and overcome the shortcomings of the original definition.
(2) the factors involved in the transport of overweight goods are discussed, and the influence of various factors on the transport of overweight goods is analyzed. The main factors affecting the transport of overweight goods include goods, vehicles, bridges, lines, construction limits and loading and reinforcement schemes, which determine the difficulty of transportation organization for overweight goods, the complexity of operating conditions, and transportation costs. The safety of the transportation infrastructure and the transportation of the transport infrastructure must be taken into consideration. The analysis of this part determines the direction of the paper and is the basis of the further study of the paper.
(3) study the action mechanism of the overweight vehicle to the line and bridge. Select the typical line and bridge, take the D2 type overweight vehicle as an example, set up the finite element calculation model of the track and Bridge under the action of the overweight vehicle respectively, carry out the track structure and the bridge's stress and deformation under different parameters, choose the commonly used locomotives. On the basis of comparison and analysis with the condition of the overweight vehicle acting on the bridge, the relationship between the dynamic and static loads is considered and the results of the finite element calculation are examined. The results show that the effect of the overweight vehicle on the bridge is generally greater than that of the common locomotive, and it is easy to cause the damage of the bridge.
(4) the classification and determination method of the overweight grade is put forward. In view of the existing problems in the classification of overweight grade, the paper analyzes and deduces the action load of the bridge when the gravity center of the weight of the overweight vehicle is offset, and gives the concept and calculation formula of the partial load coefficient, and reconfirms the general calculation formula of the live load coefficient. The classification method of overweight grade is put forward and the judgment basis is given. Finally, the rationality of the new classification method is verified by an example. The new grade division not only considers the bridge that meets the design standard, but also considers the bridge condition that the load capacity is insufficient and the design standard is not reached, which is more true than the current method. It reflects the overweight degree, and the new grade decision calculation takes into account the eccentricity of heavy vehicles (goods) and the situation of bridges running on roads, which is more reasonable and practical.
(5) put forward the idea that the measures for the safe transportation of overweight goods should begin with the improvement of the transport scheme for overweight goods, and give the principles and methods for the optimal design of the transportation scheme for overweight goods. The selection of the vehicle, the design of the loading scheme, the formation of the vehicle, the speed of the curve and the speed of the bridge, and so on, the relevant requirements for the transportation scheme of the overweight goods are put forward and the optimum design is made, and the corresponding calculation formula is given. Finally, the results of the overweight goods under the different transport cases are analyzed with an example.
This paper makes a systematic analysis and Discussion on the basic theory and application of the transport of overweight goods from the point of view of transport organization, and establishes the basic theoretical framework for the safe transportation of overweight goods. The relevant laws and conclusions obtained in this paper will provide a theoretical basis for improving the regulations and improving the level of transportation organization and management.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：U298;U294.6

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 孫朋;大件運(yùn)輸車輛道路曲線外廓通過性研究[D];吉林大學(xué);2014年

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本文編號：2087416