本文選題：爆破作業(yè) + 單向流通風(fēng)�。� 參考：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著采礦業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展,各種污染物也顯著增加。在金屬礦地下開采過程中,必須采用爆破作業(yè),而產(chǎn)生大量的粉塵和炮煙是井下作業(yè)場所的主要污染源,嚴(yán)重惡化了井下生產(chǎn)環(huán)境,危害井下工人的身體健康和生命安全,影響井下安全生產(chǎn)。在地下開采中,硐室型采場的幾何條件不規(guī)則,作業(yè)地點(diǎn)不斷變化,污染物分布情況尤其復(fù)雜。因此,針對礦山地下開采過程中出現(xiàn)的大量爆破污染物和柴油設(shè)備尾氣,采取有效的措施進(jìn)行防治是十分必要的。本論文通過大量查閱文獻(xiàn),結(jié)合某金屬礦山硐室型采場的實(shí)際情況,發(fā)現(xiàn)在地下扁平硐室開采過程中,爆破煙塵的高效排除一直是一個(gè)難題,論文針對傳統(tǒng)的抽出式通風(fēng)除塵不能夠快速排除煙塵,從而會導(dǎo)致排塵的效率很低,提出單向流通風(fēng)方式,從而提高了排塵的效率和改善了通風(fēng)效果。通過構(gòu)建模型進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,測定扁平型硐室采場模型內(nèi)各測點(diǎn)的煙塵濃度和通風(fēng)排煙霧時(shí)間,并應(yīng)用數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)方法對數(shù)據(jù)相關(guān)性進(jìn)行分析。使用回歸分析建立不同變量之間相關(guān)性的數(shù)學(xué)表達(dá)式,從而利用其進(jìn)行預(yù)測和控制硐室型采場中測點(diǎn)煙塵濃度隨通風(fēng)時(shí)間的變化規(guī)律。通過實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象和實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)分析表明,在相同供風(fēng)量的實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下,非單向流通風(fēng)方式排除煙霧的時(shí)間較長,單向流通風(fēng)方式時(shí)間較短。單向流通風(fēng)方式在硐室型采場模型出風(fēng)口的風(fēng)量為0.08m3/s,局部加壓射流風(fēng)機(jī)的總風(fēng)量為0.06m3/s,試驗(yàn)中安裝四臺局部加壓射流小型風(fēng)機(jī),射流風(fēng)機(jī)出口與硐室模型長度方向呈60°夾角,所以每臺小型射流風(fēng)機(jī)的風(fēng)量為0.015m3/s,排除煙霧時(shí)間為14s,可以形成較為理想的單向流,通風(fēng)效果最佳,煙霧濃度就可以降到滿足環(huán)境作業(yè)要求。單向流通風(fēng)方式可以提高通風(fēng)效率、減少通風(fēng)能耗,并且在硐室型采場中使用這種通風(fēng)方式是首創(chuàng),具有鮮明的新穎性。在射流的作用下,整個(gè)采場中的風(fēng)流按預(yù)定的路線流動,形成單向流通風(fēng)。采用這種通風(fēng)方式,通風(fēng)量小,排除塵、煙速度快,通風(fēng)效果好;它可以較好的解決采用非單向流通風(fēng),通風(fēng)量大、效果差的問題。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of mining industry, a variety of pollutants also significantly increased. In the process of underground mining of metal mines, blasting work must be adopted, and a large amount of dust and smoke are the main pollution sources in underground working places, which seriously deteriorate the underground production environment and endanger the health and life safety of underground workers. Influence downhole safety production. In underground mining, the geometric conditions of cavern stope are irregular, the working site is constantly changing, and the distribution of pollutants is especially complicated. Therefore, it is necessary to take effective measures to prevent and cure a large number of blasting pollutants and diesel equipment exhaust gas in underground mining. By consulting a large number of documents and combining with the actual situation of cavern type stope in a metal mine, it is found that in the process of underground flat chamber mining, the efficient removal of blasting smoke dust is always a difficult problem. Aiming at the fact that the traditional ventilation and dust removal method can not remove the dust quickly, the efficiency of dust removal is very low, so the unidirectional air flow mode is put forward, which improves the efficiency of dust removal and the ventilation effect. The smoke and dust concentration and the time of ventilation and exhaust smoke in each measuring point of flat chamber stope model were measured by constructing the model and the correlation of the data was analyzed by mathematical statistics method. Regression analysis was used to establish the mathematical expression of correlation between different variables, so as to predict and control the variation law of smoke and dust concentration with ventilation time at measuring points in cavern stope. The experimental phenomena and experimental data analysis show that under the same air supply rate, the smoke removal time is longer in the non-unidirectional air flow mode and shorter in the one-way air flow mode. The air volume at the outlet of the chamber type stope model is 0.08 m3 / s, and the total air volume of the local pressurized jet fan is 0.06 m3 / s. Four local pressurized jet fans are installed in the test. The outlet of the jet fan and the length of the chamber model are at an angle of 60 擄. Therefore, the air volume of each small jet fan is 0.015 m3 / s, and the smoke removal time is 14 s, which can form an ideal unidirectional flow, and the ventilation effect is the best, and the smoke concentration can be reduced to meet the requirements of environmental operation. The unidirectional ventilation mode can improve the ventilation efficiency and reduce the ventilation energy consumption, and the use of this ventilation mode in the cavern stope is the first and has a bright novelty. Under the action of jet, the wind flow in the whole stope flows according to the predetermined route, forming a unidirectional flow wind. By adopting this ventilation mode, the ventilation rate is small, the dust removal rate is high, the smoke speed is fast and the ventilation effect is good, which can solve the problem of adopting non-unidirectional circulation air, large ventilation volume and bad effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD714.4;TD724

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本文編號：2068947