本文選題：孔隙砂巖含水層 + 孔隙結構　； 參考：《中國礦業(yè)大學》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：鄂爾多斯盆地是我國煤炭能源重點開發(fā)區(qū)，，建井過程的水害問題普遍且突出，不但影響施工質量、延誤進度、增加成本，甚至釀成嚴重工程事故。區(qū)內煤礦建井水害集中于洛河、直羅、下石盒子三組區(qū)域性富水層段，屬微裂隙-孔隙型雙重介質，揭露時呈孔隙性滲漏，水量大且穩(wěn)定，是典型的弱滲富水型砂巖含水層。 注漿是目前西部礦區(qū)治理弱滲富水砂巖水害較普遍采用的技術方法，已有的工程實踐表明，常規(guī)水泥注漿方法治理此類砂巖水害因其可注性差而不適用，而化學注漿尚有諸多技術問題有待解決，其中最突出的是充填率及減滲效果偏低的問題。 針對目前西部礦區(qū)弱滲富水砂巖含水層建井水害注漿防治存在的問題，本論文選擇鄂爾多斯盆地建井水害嚴重且水害層段不同的幾個礦井采集巖樣，采用掃描電鏡、物性指標測試等手段進行了砂巖的結構特征研究。在此基礎上，通過模型試驗和理論分析，系統(tǒng)研究了孔隙性砂巖的滲透通道條件、漿液的可注性、充填效果及其主要影響因素，揭示了化學漿液在砂巖孔隙中的滲透擴散規(guī)律、充填特點及減滲機理，為化學注漿材料性能改良、提高注漿防滲效果提供了基礎依據(jù)。獲得的主要認識如下。 （1）對洛河、直羅、下石盒子三組砂巖分層取樣進行的性狀研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：三組砂巖具有相近的微、細觀結構條件，物理、力學性質顯現(xiàn)有共性特征，主要表現(xiàn)為顆粒級配不良、膠結性差、強度偏低、孔隙連通性好、孔隙率高。 （2）孔隙性砂巖的微觀滲流特征研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：砂巖的滲流孔道雖“四通八達”，但流體的滲流受到孔道特征的制約，僅在部分孔道滲流相對活躍，匯流及分流現(xiàn)象交替產生，且相對活躍的孔道中流體運動方向及通道尺度處于動態(tài)變化。 （3）通過宏觀、細觀模擬試驗及理論分析，探究了不同類型漿液對于孔隙砂巖的可注性差異及內在機制，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：溶液型化學漿液在孔隙砂巖中的可注性主要受制于滲流通道的結構形態(tài)和漿液性能，由于化學漿液粘度較大，孔隙砂巖滲流通道微細，化學漿液在孔隙砂巖中雖具有可注性，但需要的注漿壓力較大；水泥類顆粒懸浮型漿液可注性極差，其主要原因是漿液在滲流孔道的變徑、變向處滲透擴散時的滲透阻力過大，漿液在孔道中受阻的機理為“相對減速集聚”。 （4）依據(jù)砂巖孔道滲流特征構建了孔隙砂巖二維滲透模型單元，利用層流均勻流理論結合孔隙砂巖化學注漿模型試驗結果，解釋了混相、非混相注漿漿液在孔隙中的擴散規(guī)律及減滲機理，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：非混相注漿漿液在孔道中呈類活塞式驅替流動，混相注漿漿液在孔道中流動的過程本質為水攜帶顆粒在孔道中混合運動；化學注漿后減滲率偏低的主要原因是已注入主滲孔道中漿液發(fā)生位置移動及漿液存在固結收縮性。 （5）基于漿液擴散機理的研究成果，推導了可實現(xiàn)注漿擴散半徑、注漿壓力、注漿泵量、注漿持續(xù)時間等多因素計算分析的漿液柱形擴散理論模型，研究成果在梅花井煤礦副立井過直羅組下段砂巖含水層化學注漿的治理中得到有效檢驗。
[Abstract]:Ordos basin is the key development zone of China ' s coal energy , and the problem of water pollution in the well - building process is common and prominent , which not only affects the construction quality , delays the progress , increases the cost , or even makes a serious engineering accident .

Grouting is one of the most commonly used techniques in the treatment of weak - permeability and water - rich sandstone in the western mining area . The existing engineering practice shows that the conventional cement grouting method is not applicable because of its poor injectability , and the chemical grouting has many technical problems to be solved , among which the most prominent is the problem of low filling rate and low permeability .

In view of the problems existing in the prevention and control of water damage in the water - bearing stratum in the weak - seepage water - bearing sandstone in the western mining area , the paper selects several mine - collection rocks which are serious and different from the water - damage layer in the Erdos basin . On the basis of this , the permeability channel conditions , the filling characteristics and the infiltration mechanism of the porous sandstone are studied by means of model tests and theoretical analysis . The permeability diffusion law , the filling characteristics and the infiltration mechanism of the chemical grout in the pore of the sandstone are studied , and the basis for improving the performance of the chemical grouting material and improving the anti - seepage effect of the grouting material are provided .

( 1 ) It is found that three groups of sandstone have similar micro - and meso - structural conditions , physical and mechanical properties show common characteristics , which mainly manifest as poor particle size distribution , poor cementation , low strength , good pore connectivity and high porosity .

( 2 ) The microscopic percolation characteristics of the porous sandstone show that the percolation pore channel of sandstone is " four to eight " , but the seepage of fluid is restricted by the pore channel characteristics , and only in part of the pore channel seepage is relatively active , the confluence and the diversion phenomenon are alternately generated , and the direction of fluid movement and the channel scale in the relatively active pore channel are dynamically changing .

( 3 ) Through macroscopic , microscopic simulation test and theoretical analysis , the injectability difference and internal mechanism of different types of slurries for pore sandstone are explored . It is found that the injectability of solution type chemical grout in the pore sandstone is mainly influenced by the structure and slurry properties of the seepage channel , because the chemical grout has a large viscosity , the pore sandstone seepage channel is fine , the chemical grout has the injectability in the pore sandstone , but the grouting pressure is larger ;
The main reason is that the permeability resistance of the slurry in the channel is too large , and the mechanism of the slurry blockage in the pore channel is " relative deceleration gathering " .

( 4 ) Based on the percolation characteristics of sandstone pore channel , a two - dimensional permeability model unit of pore sandstone is constructed , and the diffusion law of mixed phase and non - miscible grouting slurry in pores is explained by using the theory of laminar flow uniform flow and chemical grouting model test results . It is found that the non - miscible grouting slurry is in the form of piston - like displacement in the pore channel , and the process of the mixed - phase grouting slurry in the pore channel is essentially water - carrying particles to mix and move in the pore channel ;
The main reason for low permeability after chemical grouting is the movement of the slurry in the main infiltration channel and the consolidation shrinkage of the slurry .

( 5 ) Based on the research results of slurry diffusion mechanism , a theoretical model of slurry cylindrical diffusion is derived which can realize multi - factor calculation and analysis of grouting diffusion radius , grouting pressure , grouting pump quantity and grouting duration .
【學位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TD745

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