本文選題：淺埋煤層 + 薄基巖��； 參考：《西安科技大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：煤炭資源在我國(guó)能源結(jié)構(gòu)和國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中占有極為重要的地位，煤炭安全開(kāi)采是保障人員安全、資源安全和經(jīng)濟(jì)健康發(fā)展的基石，同時(shí)，也是全社會(huì)關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)，學(xué)者和工程師研究的重點(diǎn)。在淺埋煤炭資源開(kāi)采工作面通過(guò)上覆基巖較薄且上覆富水松散區(qū)域時(shí)，有發(fā)生礦井突水潰砂的潛在威脅，在生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐中已發(fā)生多起礦井突水潰砂事故，造成巨大的人力、物力和財(cái)力損失，突水潰砂災(zāi)害已成為影響淺埋煤炭資源安全開(kāi)采的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題之一。 突水潰砂是由淺埋深、薄基巖、富含潛水的厚松散覆蓋層這種特殊的水文工程地質(zhì)環(huán)境決定的，涉及采區(qū)工程地質(zhì)構(gòu)造、水文地質(zhì)、工程地質(zhì)、煤層、覆巖等條件以及開(kāi)采方式等諸多方面的因素。本文從薄基巖、淺埋煤層、富水松散層和開(kāi)采條件的特點(diǎn)入手，分析了突水潰砂的影響因素，建立了突水潰砂災(zāi)害的力學(xué)分析模型，并依此為基礎(chǔ)提出了突水潰砂災(zāi)害的防治技術(shù)。將該項(xiàng)防治技術(shù)應(yīng)用于神東礦區(qū)哈拉溝煤礦22404綜采工作面過(guò)溝開(kāi)采工程中，成功預(yù)防了突水潰砂災(zāi)害的發(fā)生，保障了工作面順利安全通過(guò)，取得了良好的技術(shù)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)效應(yīng)。 本文通過(guò)研究主要獲得以下成果： （1）根據(jù)哈拉溝煤礦22404綜采工作面工程地質(zhì)與水文地質(zhì)條件及開(kāi)采特點(diǎn)，分析了突水潰砂的影響因素及發(fā)生機(jī)理。總結(jié)出發(fā)生突水潰砂現(xiàn)象必須具備四方面條件，即物源（富含潛水的厚松散覆蓋層）、動(dòng)力源（高潛水水頭）、通道（薄基巖斷裂縫）、儲(chǔ)存空間（采空區(qū)），且水壓力是使含水砂層發(fā)生突水潰砂的根本原因，當(dāng)頂板薄基巖發(fā)生斷裂，動(dòng)水壓力達(dá)到某一臨界值后，就會(huì)造成大量的水砂混合流潰入巷道和采空區(qū)。 （2）分析了哈拉溝煤礦22404綜采工作面的突水潰砂綜合條件。哈拉溝煤礦2-2煤層22404工作面寬260m，，在通過(guò)哈拉溝采區(qū)段，煤層埋深42～54m，采高為4.2m，基巖厚度有20～40m，松散層厚22m，基巖厚度為采高的4.8倍，采動(dòng)裂隙可直接溝通至地表。因此開(kāi)采區(qū)域?qū)儆跍\埋、薄基巖、厚富水松散砂層的范疇，當(dāng)工作面通過(guò)哈拉溝時(shí)，極易發(fā)生突水潰砂災(zāi)害。 （3）理論計(jì)算和實(shí)測(cè)分析了哈拉溝煤礦22404綜采工作面的礦壓顯現(xiàn)規(guī)律。通過(guò)理論計(jì)算及現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀測(cè)，得出22404工作面老頂首次來(lái)壓計(jì)算步距50～60m，實(shí)測(cè)步距66m，周期來(lái)壓計(jì)算步距21～28m，實(shí)測(cè)步距16～19m。 （4）理論計(jì)算分析哈拉溝22404綜采工作面突水潰砂的水力條件。研究給出臨界水力坡度及臨界水頭高度的計(jì)算方法，對(duì)哈拉溝煤礦22404綜采工作面過(guò)哈拉溝段的突水潰砂危險(xiǎn)性進(jìn)行了預(yù)測(cè)計(jì)算，判定該段在初始狀態(tài)下有突水潰砂危險(xiǎn)。 （5）提出突水潰砂的綜合防治技術(shù)。綜合分析突水潰砂的影響因素及形成條件，提出以井下疏放水改變上覆地層水力條件及注漿改造松散層膠結(jié)狀態(tài)的綜合防治技術(shù)，并詳細(xì)闡述了各類技術(shù)措施的防治原理。 （6）理論及技術(shù)實(shí)踐驗(yàn)證，指導(dǎo)哈拉溝22404綜采工作面過(guò)溝開(kāi)采。將突水潰砂致災(zāi)理論分析成果及防治技術(shù)綜合應(yīng)用于哈拉溝煤礦22404綜采工作面過(guò)哈拉溝段淺埋煤層開(kāi)采，在嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行防治技術(shù)方案的條件下，成功預(yù)防了突水潰砂事故，最終保證了22404綜采工作面順利通過(guò)哈拉溝。
[Abstract]:Coal resources occupy a very important position in the energy structure and national economy of our country. Coal safety mining is the cornerstone of ensuring personnel safety, resource safety and economic healthy development. At the same time, it is also the focus of attention of the whole society, the focus of scholars and engineers. When overlying the loose area of rich water, there is a potential threat to the sand burst of mine water inrush. In production practice, there have been a number of mine burst sand burst accidents, causing huge human, material and financial loss, and water bursting and sand burst has become one of the key problems affecting the safe mining of shallow coal resources.
Water bursting sand is determined by shallow buried depth, thin bedrock and thick loose covering layer rich in diving. It involves many factors such as engineering geological structure, hydrogeology, engineering geology, coal seam, overlying rock and so on. This paper is from thin bedrock, shallow coal seam, rich water loose layer and mining. On the basis of the characteristics of the conditions, the influence factors of water inrush and sand break are analyzed, the mechanical analysis model of water inrush and sand break is set up, and the prevention and control technology of water bursting and sand break is put forward on the basis of this, and the prevention and control technology is applied to the 22404 fully mechanized coal mining face of the hargings coal mine in Shendong mining area. The occurrence of damage ensured the smooth and safe passage of the working face and achieved good technical, economic and social effects.
The main achievements of this paper are as follows:
(1) according to the engineering geology, hydrogeological conditions and mining characteristics of 22404 fully mechanized coal mining face in Hara coal mine, the influencing factors and mechanism of water bursting are analyzed. It is concluded that there must be four conditions for the occurrence of water inrush and sand break, namely, the source (thick and loose overlying layer rich in diving), the power source (high diving head), and the passage (Bo Jiyan break) Cracks), storage space (goaf), and water pressure is the root cause of water bursting sand in water bearing sand layer. When the roof rock breaks and the dynamic water pressure reaches a certain critical value, a large number of water sand mixed flow will break into the roadway and goaf.
(2) the comprehensive conditions of water inrush and sand break of 22404 coal face in Hara gage coal mine are analyzed. The 2-2 coal seam of harugou coal mine is 22404 working face wide 260m. In the passage of Hara gully, the depth of the coal seam is 42 ~ 54m, the height of the coal seam is 4.2m, the thickness of the bedrock is 20 to 40m, the thickness of the loose layer is 22m, the thickness of the bedrock is 4.8 times of the height, so the mining fracture can communicate directly to the surface. The mining area belongs to the category of shallow buried, Bo Jiyan, thick and abundant water loose sand layer. When the working face passes through the Hara ditch, it is easy to happen the water inrush sand disaster.
(3) theoretical calculation and measurement have been carried out to analyze the regularity of the ore pressure in the 22404 fully mechanized coal mining face in Hara gully coal mine. Through theoretical calculation and field observation, it is concluded that the calculation step distance is 50 ~ 60m for the first time pressure of the 22404 working face, the measured step distance is 66m, the calculation step distance is 21 to 28m, and the measured step distance is 16 to 19m..
(4) theoretical calculation and analysis of hydraulic conditions of water burst in Hara gill 22404 fully mechanized mining face. The calculation method of critical hydraulic gradient and critical head height is given. The hazard of water bursting and sand break in the 22404 fully mechanized coal mining face in Hala gully section of haralin coal mine is predicted and calculated, and the danger of water bursting in the initial state is determined.
(5) the comprehensive prevention and control technology of water inrush and sand break is put forward. The influencing factors and forming conditions of water inrush are analyzed. The comprehensive prevention and control technology for changing the hydraulic conditions of the overlying strata and the cementing state of the loose layer by grouting is put forward, and the prevention and control principles of various technical measures are expounded in detail.
(6) theoretical and technical practice verification, guiding the 22404 fully mechanized mining face of Hara gully through furrow mining. The theoretical analysis results and control techniques of water inrush and sand break are applied to the shallow buried coal seam mining in the 22404 fully mechanized coal mining face in Hara gage coal mine, and the water bursting accident is successfully prevented under the condition of strict implementation of the prevention and control technology. Finally ensured the 22404 fully mechanized face smoothly passed the Hara ditch.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TD745

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