本文選題：優(yōu)勢通道 + 卸壓瓦斯��； 參考：《西安科技大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：煤炭作為我國現(xiàn)階段的主要能源,為國民經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。我國煤層瓦斯賦存具有典型的“三高三低”特征,在瓦斯治理的過程中經(jīng)常造成生產(chǎn)事故。本文針對典型低透氣性緩傾斜煤層卸壓瓦斯治理難題,采用工程資料收集、理論分析、軟件研發(fā)、數(shù)值模擬以及現(xiàn)場工業(yè)性試驗(yàn)相結(jié)合的手段,系統(tǒng)分析了緩傾斜煤層采動(dòng)裂隙時(shí)空演化規(guī)律及采動(dòng)卸壓瓦斯富集區(qū)儲(chǔ)運(yùn)規(guī)律,對低透氣性緩傾斜煤層卸壓瓦斯抽采有著重要的參考價(jià)值。論文主要研究工作如下:(1)室實(shí)驗(yàn)分析了巖石物質(zhì)組成成份、細(xì)觀結(jié)構(gòu)和微觀結(jié)構(gòu),掌握了巖石損傷分布特征;采用單軸抗壓、抗拉、抗剪實(shí)驗(yàn)分析含初始損傷巖石破壞特征,明晰了時(shí)間效應(yīng)對巖石強(qiáng)度的影響,構(gòu)建時(shí)間對巖石損傷演化影響的本構(gòu)模型,得出了初始損傷與加載速率耦合效應(yīng)對巖石破壞影響機(jī)理。同時(shí),采用巖石裂紋斷裂韌性分析不同加載方式下裂隙演化特征,揭示了覆巖采動(dòng)裂隙張開和閉合演化機(jī)理。(2)基于實(shí)踐工作面開采技術(shù)條件,搭建走向和傾向二維物理模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái),提出了 AW-SNcut的圖像識(shí)別方法來定量分析實(shí)驗(yàn)過程中覆巖采動(dòng)裂隙演化規(guī)律。同時(shí)采用數(shù)值模擬,定量分析了開采速度和煤層傾角對覆巖采動(dòng)張開裂隙和閉合裂隙分布特征及演化規(guī)律影響。(3)深入分析了緩傾斜工作面3個(gè)不同區(qū)域直接頂和基本頂破斷機(jī)理,明確了緩傾斜煤層覆巖“O-X”破斷過程中時(shí)序性,掌握了緩傾斜煤層采空區(qū)充填特征,并分析了覆巖采動(dòng)裂隙類橢拋帶形態(tài)特征,建立相應(yīng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型,重點(diǎn)分析了關(guān)鍵因素對形態(tài)分布特征的影響。在工程實(shí)踐中,綜合采用鉆孔窺視儀、微震監(jiān)測和鉆孔抽采濃度分析方法,形成“點(diǎn)+線+面+體”綜合一體化監(jiān)測手段,分析覆巖采動(dòng)裂隙時(shí)空演化規(guī)律。(4)基于緩傾斜煤層覆巖采動(dòng)裂隙時(shí)空演化規(guī)律,分析了緩傾斜工作面卸壓瓦斯來源特征,得出采動(dòng)過程中卸壓瓦斯富集區(qū)的運(yùn)移特征,提出了煤層卸壓瓦斯優(yōu)勢通道概念,為緩傾斜煤層工作面卸壓瓦斯抽采提供了理論依據(jù)。(5)基于超前工作面高位鉆孔抽采卸壓瓦斯中存在的問題,重點(diǎn)分析了高位鉆孔穩(wěn)定性和抽采卸壓瓦斯效果的平衡點(diǎn)。結(jié)合高位鉆孔和高抽巷抽采卸壓瓦斯方法的優(yōu)點(diǎn),提出了外錯(cuò)高位巷抽采方法,為卸壓瓦斯治理提供了一種高效的抽采方法。研究掌握了緩傾斜煤層覆巖采動(dòng)裂隙時(shí)空演化機(jī)理,建立了覆巖采動(dòng)裂隙分布的類橢拋帶數(shù)學(xué)模型,揭示了卸壓瓦斯優(yōu)勢通道的演化機(jī)理,進(jìn)一步提出了合理的卸壓瓦斯抽采方法,以上研究成果在典型礦井得到了成功應(yīng)用,為實(shí)現(xiàn)緩傾斜煤層煤與瓦斯共采提供了一定的理論基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Coal, as the main energy of our country at present, has made important contribution to the rapid development of national economy. The occurrence of coal seam gas in China has typical characteristics of "three high and three low", which often cause production accidents in the process of gas control. In this paper, aiming at the difficult problem of relieving pressure gas in typical low permeability gently inclined coal seam, the method of combining engineering data collection, theoretical analysis, software research and development, numerical simulation and field industrial test is adopted. This paper systematically analyzes the temporal and spatial evolution law of mining fissures in gently inclined coal seam and the law of storage and transportation in mining pressure relief gas accumulation area, which has important reference value for low permeability and gentle inclined coal seam. The main research work in this paper is as follows: 1) the composition, microstructure and microstructure of rock are analyzed experimentally, and the characteristics of rock damage distribution are grasped, and the failure characteristics of rock with initial damage are analyzed by uniaxial compression, tensile and shear tests. The influence of time effect on rock strength is clarified, and the constitutive model of time effect on rock damage evolution is established, and the influence mechanism of the coupling effect of initial damage and loading rate on rock failure is obtained. At the same time, crack fracture toughness of rock is used to analyze the characteristics of fracture evolution under different loading modes, and the evolution mechanism of crack opening and closing in overburden mining is revealed. An image recognition method based on AW-SNcut is proposed to quantitatively analyze the evolution of mining fractures in overlying rock during the experiment. At the same time, using numerical simulation, The effects of mining speed and seam inclination angle on the distribution and evolution law of open and closed fractures in overburden rock mining are analyzed quantitatively.) the direct roof and basic roof breaking mechanism in three different regions of gently inclined face are analyzed. The sequence of overburden "O-X" fracture in gently inclined coal seam is defined, the filling characteristics of goaf in gently inclined coal seam are grasped, and the shape characteristics of elliptical throwing zone of mining fissure in overburden coal seam are analyzed, and the corresponding mathematical model is established. The influence of key factors on morphological distribution was analyzed. In engineering practice, the integrated monitoring method of "point, line and surface" is formed by adopting the methods of drilling peep-view, microseismic monitoring and borehole extraction concentration analysis. Based on the temporal and spatial evolution law of overburden mining fissure in gently inclined coal seam, the characteristics of pressure relief gas source in gently inclined working face are analyzed, and the migration characteristics of relief gas accumulation area in mining process are obtained. This paper puts forward the concept of dominant passage of gas relief in coal seam, which provides a theoretical basis for gas drainage in the face of gently inclined coal face. The balance point between the stability of high hole and the effect of gas drainage is analyzed. Combined with the advantages of high hole drilling and high drainage roadway, this paper puts forward a method of extrinsic displacement high level roadway drainage, which provides an efficient method for gas relief treatment. This paper studies and grasps the temporal and spatial evolution mechanism of mining fissure of overlying rock in gently inclined coal seam, establishes the mathematical model of the distribution of mining fissure in overburden rock, and reveals the evolution mechanism of the dominant passage of relief gas. Furthermore, a reasonable method of gas extraction is put forward. The above research results have been successfully applied in typical coal mines, which provides a certain theoretical basis for realizing the joint mining of coal and gas in gently inclined coal seams.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TD712
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本文編號(hào)：2025209