本文選題：液體化學(xué)品 + 自燃溫度測試��； 參考：《中國計(jì)量學(xué)院》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品是指具有易燃、易爆、有毒，有腐蝕性、放射性等危險(xiǎn)特性，容易造成人身傷亡、財(cái)產(chǎn)受損、環(huán)境污染的化學(xué)品。自燃點(diǎn)是確定危化品危險(xiǎn)等級的一個(gè)重要參數(shù)。在我國化學(xué)工業(yè)快速發(fā)展的大背景下，國內(nèi)危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品火災(zāi)、爆炸、泄漏事故伴隨其產(chǎn)量和交易量增加呈快速增長趨勢，給企業(yè)、人民群眾生命財(cái)產(chǎn)造成嚴(yán)重?fù)p失；國際貿(mào)易中，化學(xué)品貿(mào)易需要提供包括自燃點(diǎn)在內(nèi)的數(shù)十項(xiàng)物理化學(xué)參數(shù)。因此，，化學(xué)品自燃點(diǎn)檢測是必不可少環(huán)節(jié)，化學(xué)品自燃點(diǎn)測試相關(guān)設(shè)備的研發(fā)也成為必需。 目前液體化學(xué)品自燃點(diǎn)測定試驗(yàn)方法行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)主要是歐美標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，如ASTME659，DIN51794，EC test A15等。我國現(xiàn)行相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為GB/T21791、SH/T0642—1997、GB/T21860—2008等。目前，國外市場已有一些液體化學(xué)品自燃溫度點(diǎn)檢測設(shè)備，如美國艾迪塞恩公司（IDEASCIENCE）的AITTA自燃溫度測試儀，美國科勒（KOEHLER）公司的液體化學(xué)品自燃溫度測定儀等。本文基于國標(biāo)GB/T21860—2008，結(jié)合理論研究及工程實(shí)現(xiàn)，設(shè)計(jì)并搭建液體化學(xué)品自燃溫度測定裝置，主要工作內(nèi)容和創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)總結(jié)如下： （1）參考國標(biāo)GB/T21860—2008，對液體化學(xué)品自燃溫度試驗(yàn)裝置進(jìn)行技術(shù)分解，確定可行性方案，設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)目前國內(nèi)還沒有成品出現(xiàn)的液體化學(xué)品自燃點(diǎn)自動測試裝置。裝置搭建工作包括四部分：坩堝爐加熱裝置布置、數(shù)據(jù)采集電路軟硬件制作與調(diào)試、LabVIEW上位機(jī)軟件實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)采集與參數(shù)提取、裝置整體調(diào)試與液體危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品自燃溫度點(diǎn)等參數(shù)測試試驗(yàn)。 （2）結(jié)合該裝置測試過程中的特定要求，仿真研究模糊PID控制理論在坩堝電阻爐溫度控制器上的應(yīng)用：根據(jù)坩堝爐在0℃～1000℃工作溫度區(qū)間內(nèi)低溫度段升溫速度快，高溫度段升溫速度慢；國標(biāo)要求以30℃和3℃調(diào)溫兩種條件，構(gòu)造模糊PID控制規(guī)則庫，仿真模糊PID控制在系統(tǒng)所用坩堝爐溫度控制上的無超調(diào)性、穩(wěn)定性應(yīng)用研究。 （3）設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)自燃點(diǎn)溫度數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)的軟硬件部分，完成上位機(jī)軟件的編寫與通信調(diào)試。參考國標(biāo)GB/T21860—2008的要求，以實(shí)現(xiàn)液體化學(xué)品相關(guān)參數(shù)測試的自動化為目標(biāo)，設(shè)計(jì)PIC微控器為核心的數(shù)據(jù)采集電路板，實(shí)現(xiàn)測試裝置四個(gè)熱電偶數(shù)據(jù)采集、顯示、傳輸?shù)裙δ堋ＫO(shè)計(jì)上位機(jī)軟件，實(shí)時(shí)接收下位機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)，對數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分組，取均值、重現(xiàn)溫度變化曲線等，提取國標(biāo)要求的各項(xiàng)參數(shù)。最后以93#汽油、乙酸、石油醚、硝基苯、甲醇、苯酚、苯胺七種液體化學(xué)品為試驗(yàn)對象測定其自燃溫度值、著火延時(shí)等參數(shù)，并對試驗(yàn)誤差做了詳細(xì)分析。 論文最后對裝置在液體�；纷匀键c(diǎn)溫度檢測領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用前景以及繼續(xù)改進(jìn)的方面進(jìn)行了討論。
[Abstract]:Hazardous chemicals are chemicals with flammable, explosive, toxic, corrosive, radioactive and other dangerous characteristics, easy to cause casualties, property damage, environmental pollution. Spontaneous combustion point is an important parameter to determine the dangerous grade of dangerous chemicals. Under the background of the rapid development of the chemical industry in China, the fire, explosion and leakage of dangerous chemicals in China are increasing rapidly with the increase of their output and trading volume, which have caused serious losses to enterprises and people's lives and property. In international trade, chemical trade needs to provide dozens of physical and chemical parameters, including spontaneous ignition points. Therefore, chemical self-ignition point detection is an essential link, chemical self-ignition point testing equipment research and development has become necessary. At present, the industrial standard for the determination of spontaneous ignition point of liquid chemicals is mainly the European and American standard, such as ASTME659DIN51794 EC test A15 etc. The current standards of China are GB / T 21791 / SHP T 0642-1997 GB / T 21860-2008. At present, there are a number of liquid chemicals spontaneous combustion temperature point detection equipment in foreign markets, such as AITTA autoignition temperature tester of IDEASCIENCEE and KOEHLER-US liquid chemical spontaneous combustion temperature tester. Based on GB / T _ 21860-2008, combined with theoretical research and engineering realization, this paper designs and builds a device for measuring the spontaneous combustion temperature of liquid chemicals. The main contents and innovations are summarized as follows: (1) with reference to GB / T _ 21860-2008, the technical decomposition of the liquid chemical spontaneous combustion temperature test device is carried out, and the feasible scheme is determined. The design and implementation of liquid chemical auto-ignition point testing device without finished product at present. The construction of the device includes four parts: the arrangement of the heating device for the crucible furnace, the hardware and software design and debugging of the data acquisition circuit and the real-time data acquisition and parameter extraction of the LabVIEW upper computer software. Testing and testing of parameters such as the temperature point of spontaneous combustion of liquid hazardous chemicals, etc., combined with the specific requirements of the testing process of the device, The application of fuzzy pid control theory in the temperature controller of crucible resistance furnace is studied by simulation. According to the temperature range of the crucible furnace working at 0 鈩

本文編號：2021045