鐵路危險貨物動力鋰電池運輸安全評價方法研究
本文選題:鐵路運輸 + 危險貨物 ; 參考:《北京交通大學》2017年碩士論文
【摘要】:隨著新能源汽車發(fā)展,鋰電池作為新能源汽車的主要動力來源,其產(chǎn)量與運輸需求逐年增加。根據(jù)國際法規(guī),新能源汽車的動力鋰電池屬于危險貨物,有其自身的危險性,一直是國際和國內(nèi)關(guān)注的重點。但目前鐵路尚未開展動力鋰電池運輸業(yè)務,且動力鋰電池鐵路運輸安全條件尚不明確。因此開展動力鋰電池鐵路運輸安全評價研究顯得尤為重要。本文主要研究內(nèi)容如下:(1)安全評價相關(guān)理論方法的歸納與總結(jié)。本文經(jīng)過研究比較多篇文獻的理論方法,確定引入耗散結(jié)構(gòu)理論、熵理論開展動力鋰電池鐵路運輸安全評價研究。然后對評價方法所涉及的耗散結(jié)構(gòu)理論和熵理論進行了論述,并分析了鋰電池鐵路運輸系統(tǒng)的耗散結(jié)構(gòu)與耗散機理。(2)鋰電池運輸安全評價指標體系的構(gòu)建。首先,結(jié)合鋰電池構(gòu)造、鋰電池理化性質(zhì)及熱災害機理等來分析鋰電池鐵路運輸危險性。其次,針對鋰電池的危險性,查閱鋰電池運輸相關(guān)法規(guī),進而提出了鋰電池鐵路運輸技術(shù)設施設備安全要求、載運工具與包裝安全要求、鐵路運輸組織條件以及人員培訓和運輸安全管理要求。再次,利用灰色關(guān)聯(lián)分析法分析國內(nèi)外鐵路危險貨物運輸事故,以確定鋰電池鐵路運輸?shù)陌踩绊懸蛩。最?根據(jù)上述分析結(jié)果,從“人-機-環(huán)-管-物”5個方面構(gòu)建鋰電池鐵路運輸安全評價指標體系。(3)文章以“安全熵”作為鋰電池鐵路運輸系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性和有序性的量度,確立鋰電池鐵路運輸安全評價模型。首先,基于信息熵構(gòu)建鋰電池鐵路運輸安全熵計算模型,利用模糊數(shù)學求取指標危險隸屬度,以及利用熵權(quán)層次分析法確定指標權(quán)重。其次,綜合指標危險隸屬度和權(quán)重計算鋰電池鐵路運輸系統(tǒng)安全熵。再次,構(gòu)建鋰電池鐵路運輸事故樹模型,將其映射為貝葉斯網(wǎng)絡,利用Buckley法標定根節(jié)點先驗概率,以及利用Netica軟件更新根節(jié)點后驗概率。最后,根據(jù)根節(jié)點后驗概率計算鋰電池鐵路運輸發(fā)生火災事故的熵值,以對系統(tǒng)安全狀態(tài)進行界定。(4)實例分析與結(jié)論。文章選擇目前具有代表性的鐵路危險貨物集裝箱辦理站,結(jié)合實際的鋰電池企業(yè)提供的資料,模擬鋰電池鐵路運輸過程,對其運輸狀態(tài)進行評價。評價結(jié)果顯示,該系統(tǒng)處于較為安全的狀態(tài),可以保證鋰電池安全運輸。
[Abstract]:With the development of new energy vehicle, lithium battery as the main power source of new energy vehicle, its output and transportation demand increase year by year. According to international laws and regulations, the power lithium battery of new energy vehicle belongs to dangerous goods and has its own danger, which has always been the focus of international and domestic attention. But at present, the railway has not carried out the power lithium battery transportation service, and the safety condition of the power lithium battery railway transportation is not clear. Therefore, it is very important to study the safety evaluation of power lithium battery railway transportation. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1) the induction and summary of relevant theories and methods of safety evaluation. In this paper, the dissipative structure theory and entropy theory are introduced to evaluate the transportation safety of power lithium battery railway. Then, the dissipative structure theory and entropy theory involved in the evaluation method are discussed, and the dissipative structure and dissipation mechanism of Li-battery railway transportation system are analyzed. Firstly, the structure of lithium battery, physical and chemical properties of lithium battery and thermal hazard mechanism are combined to analyze the risk of lithium battery railway transportation. Secondly, in view of the danger of lithium battery, the relevant regulations of lithium battery transportation are consulted, and the safety requirements of equipment, transportation tools and packaging of lithium battery railway transportation technology are put forward. Railway transport organization conditions and personnel training and transport safety management requirements. Thirdly, the grey correlation analysis method is used to analyze the domestic and foreign railway dangerous goods transportation accidents in order to determine the safety factors of Li-Battery railway transportation. Finally, according to the above analysis results, the safety evaluation index system of lithium battery railway transportation is constructed from the five aspects of "man, machine, ring, tube and material". The article uses "safety entropy" as the measure of stability and order of lithium battery railway transportation system. The safety evaluation model of lithium battery railway transportation is established. Firstly, based on the information entropy, the calculation model of lithium battery railway transportation safety entropy is constructed, and the index risk membership degree is obtained by using fuzzy mathematics, and the index weight is determined by entropy weight analytic hierarchy process. Secondly, the safety entropy of lithium battery railway transportation system is calculated. Thirdly, the fault tree model of lithium battery railway transportation is constructed, which is mapped to Bayesian network. The prior probability of root node is calibrated by Buckley method, and the posteriori probability of root node is updated by Netica software. Finally, the entropy value of Li-Battery railway transportation fire accident is calculated according to the posterior probability of the root node, so as to define the safety state of the system. In this paper, the representative railway dangerous goods container handling station is selected, combined with the information provided by the actual lithium battery enterprise, the railway transportation process of lithium battery is simulated and its transportation status is evaluated. The evaluation results show that the system is in a relatively safe state and can ensure the safe transportation of lithium batteries.
【學位授予單位】:北京交通大學
【學位級別】:碩士
【學位授予年份】:2017
【分類號】:U298.3
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